Genitourinary Flashcards
System responsible for the removal of metabolic waste products from the blood, the removal of concentrated urine, and the conservation of water.
Urinary system
Organs of the urinary system.
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Where are the kidneys located?
Posterior abdominal wall behind the peritoneum. (Retroperitoneal)
Basic functional unit of the kidney.
Nephron
Results of the damage to the nephron.
Kidney disease
Refers to disease or damage within the kidney.
Intrarenal disease
Refers to disease that blocks the system that collects urine.
Postrenal disease
Clinical syndrome that results from a sudden, significant decrease in filtration through the glomeruli.
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Pts with AKI that secrete less than 500 ml/d.
Oliguric
Pts with AKI that secrete more than 500 ml/d.
Nonoliguric
Decrease of urine output frequency.
Oliguria
Complete stop of urine output.
Anuria
Excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
Uremia
Chemical waste molecule generated by muscle metabolism.
Creatinine
Death of tubular cells.
Acute tubular necrosis
Progressive, irreversible, chronic systemic disease that occurs over months to years as internal structures of the kidneys are slowly damaged.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood.
Azotemia
Technique used to normalize blood chemistry and remove excess fluid in patients with acute or CRF.
Dialysis
Dialyzing fluid
Dialysate
Dialysis in which blood is pumped through a surgically constructed fistula or a graft between a patients artery and vein.
Hemodialysis
Dialysis in which the dialysis membrane is the patient’s own peritoneum.
Peritoneal dialysis
Major complication of peritoneal dialysis.
Peritonitis
A rare but potential complication of an internal shunt. A dilation resembling an aneurysm that occurs at the site of the graft.
Pseudoaneurysm
Pt’s undergoing dialysis are at a high risk for what?
Hemorrhage
Refers to a group of neurologic findings that sometimes occur during or immediately after dialysis.
Disequilibrium syndrome
Caused by the inability to urinate.
Urinary retention
Excessive urination at night.
Nocturia
Emptying of the urine from the bladder often without the need to urinate.
Overflow incontinence
Infection of the urinary tract. Most commonly caused by enteric flora (E. Coli) enter the opening of the urethra and colonize the urinary tract. Second most common infection diagnosed in the acute hospital setting.
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Difficulty urinating
Dysuria
Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma. (Upper UTI)
Pyelonephritis
Speed and pain of onset of pyelonephritis.
Abrupt back pain or muscle strain
Pathological concretions that originate in the renal pelvis.
Urinary calculi (kidney stones)
What type of kidney stone accounts for 85% of them?
Calcium stones
Pain origination and radiation of kidney stones.
Flank and radiates to lower abdominal quadrant, groin, and testes (men).
Inflammation of the epididymus.
Epididymitis
Inflammation and swelling of both testes.
Orchitis
Bacterial infection of the skin that affects the genitals and perineum in both men and women.
Fournier gangrene
Tightness of the prepuce of the penis.
Phimosis
Inability to pull the retracted prepuce back over the head of the penis.
Paraphimosis
Persistent, painful erection that lasts over 4 hours that is not caused by sexual stimulation.
Priapism
Enlargement of the prostate gland.
Benign prostate hypertrophy
Enlargement or growth on one or both testicles. Most are benign but some are malignant.
Testicular mass
Fluid filled sac along the spermatic cord in the scrotum.
Hydrocele
Benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arrises from the head of the epididymis.
Spermatocele
Enlargement of the veins that drain the testicles.
Varicocele
True urologic emergency that occurs when a testicle, usually the left, twists on its spermatic cord which disrupts the blood supply of the testicle. Usually associated with nausea and vomiting.
Testicular torsion
