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Medical Emergencies I > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Composition of blood.

A

95% RBC
5% WBC

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2
Q

Chief functions of blood.

A
  1. Delivery of substances needed for cellular metabolism
  2. Defense against invading microorganisms and injury
  3. Maintenance of acid-base balance
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3
Q

Primarily found in membraneous bone such as the vertebrae, pelvis, sternum, and ribs. Produces RBC.

A

Red bone marrow

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4
Q

Produces some WBCs but is composed mainly of connective tissue and fat.

A

Yellow bone marrow

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5
Q

Organ that stores large quantities of blood and produces lymphocytes, specifically plasma cells, which produce antibodies.

A

Spleen

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6
Q

Blood forming organ (in intrauterine life) which plays an important role in the coagulation process.

A

Liver

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7
Q

Clear portion of the blood. 92% water.

A

Plasma

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8
Q

Most plentiful protein in the blood.

A

Albumin

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9
Q

Transport other proteins and provide the body with immunity to disease.

A

Globulins

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10
Q

Essential for blood clotting.

A

Fibrinogen

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11
Q

Red colored protein that gives RBC the red color.

A

Hemoglobin

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12
Q

Lifespan of RBC.

A

120 days

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13
Q

Specialized WBCs that destroy old RBCs.

A

Macrophages

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14
Q

Broken down RBC into waste product.

A

Bilirubin

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15
Q

Destroy foreign substances and clear the bloodstream of debris.

A

WBC

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16
Q

Make up 5% of total WBC.

A

Monocytes

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17
Q

Make up 27.5% of WBC.

A

Lymphocytes

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18
Q

Make up 65% of WBC.

A

Neutrophils

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19
Q

Make up 2.5% of WBC.

A

Eosinophils
Basophils

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20
Q

Fraction of the total volume. of blood that consists of RBCs.

A

Hematocrit

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21
Q

Identifies the different types of leukocytes present in the blood.

A

Differential count

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22
Q

Small fragments of megakaryocytes that become sticky to form clots.

A

Platelets

23
Q

Initial physiologic response to wounding that causes bleeding to cease.

A

Hemostasis

24
Q

Stages of hemostasis.

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Platelet plug
  3. Coagulation
  4. Growth of fibrous tissue
25
Q

Formed in response to rupture or damage of the blood vessel. Stimulates prothrombin to thrombin.

A

Prothrombin activator

26
Q

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin threads.

A

Thrombin

27
Q

Substances in the blood that act in sequence to stop bleeding by forming a clot.

A

Clotting factors

28
Q

Condition in which the concentration of hemoglobin or erythrocytes in the blood is lower than normal.

A

Anemia

29
Q

Two types of anemia.

A

Iron-deficiency anemia
Hemolytic anemia

30
Q

Gives hemoglobin ability to bind to oxygen.

A

Iron

31
Q

Caused by premature destruction of RBCs in blood.

A

Hemolytic anemia

32
Q

Several types of cancers in which an abnormal proliferation of WBCs occur usually in the bone marrow.

A

Leukemia

33
Q

Decrease in the number of WBCs.

A

Leukopenia

34
Q

Leukemia pts are highly susceptible to what?

A

Serious infection
Anemia
Bleeding episodes

35
Q

Cells whose daughter cells may develop into other cell types.

A

Stem cells

36
Q

Any neoplastic disorder of the lymphoid tissue.

A

Lymphoma

37
Q

All lymphomas are malignant or benign?

A

Malignant

38
Q

Characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue found mainly in the lymph nodes and spleen. One of the most curable cancers.

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

39
Q

Group of metabolic disturbances that can occur after treatment of cancer.

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

40
Q

Increase in the total RBC mass of the blood.

A

Polycythemia

41
Q

Rare disorder of the bone marrow that causes increased production of RBCs causing blood to thicken.

A

Primary polycythemia

42
Q

Naturally present in people of high altitude or heavy smokers in which there is increased RBC production.

A

Secondary polycythemia

43
Q

An abnormal clotting disorder that arises as a complication of severe injury, trauma, pregnancy, or disease.

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)

44
Q

Medical condition that causes uncontrolled bleeding and that involves the loss of bleeding control mechanisms. Stems from an abnormal gene on the X chromosome.

A

Hemophilia

45
Q

Low platelet count.

A

Thrombocytopenia

46
Q

Occurs when antibodies attack and destroy the body’s platelets.

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)

47
Q

Life-threatening disease that occurs when small blood clots corm suddenly throughout the body.

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)

48
Q

Inherited blood disorder that affects African, South American, Caribben in which body produces abnormal type of hemoglobin that has inferior carrying capacity for oxygen.

A

Sickle cell disease.

49
Q

When the sickle-shaped RBCs are unable to pass through blood vessels and become lodged, consequently blocking blood flow to various organs.

A

Sickle-cell crisis

50
Q

New abnormal consolidation on a chest radiograph accompanied by fever and/or respiratory symptoms in a patient with sickle cell disease.

A

Acute chest syndrome

51
Q

Malignant neoplasm of plasma cells that tend to accumulate in the bone marrow.

A

Multiple myeloma

52
Q

Specific questions for all patients with hematologic disorders.

A

Dizziness
Syncope
Difficulty breathing
Heartbeat irregularities

53
Q

Phase of DIC that is characterized by free thrombin in the blood, fibrin deposits, and aggregation of platelets.

A

1st phase

54
Q

Phase of DIC that is characterized by hemorrhage caused by depletion of clotting factors.

A

2nd phase

Medical Emergencies I (7 decks)

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