Infectious Disease 1

Question 1

what is a prion?

Answer 1

infectious proteins and agents

Question 2

define protozoa

Answer 2

single celled animal eukaryote

Question 3

define fungi

Answer 3

higher plant like organism eukaryote

Question 4

define bacteria

Answer 4

generally small, single celled prokaryote

Question 5

define virus

Answer 5

very small obligate parasites, non-living

Question 6

Kochs postulates are used to?

Answer 6

establish a causal relationship between a microbe and disease

Question 7

Kochs postulates

the microorganism is present in ? ? of the disease but ? from ? organisms

Answer 7

every case
absent
healthy

Question 7

koch’s postulates

the suspected organism must be ? and ? in ? culture

Answer 7

isolated
grown
pure

Question 7

Koch’s postulates

the same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is ? into a ? host

Answer 7

inoculated
healthy

Question 8

Koch’s postulates
the ? microorganism must be ? again from the ? host

Answer 8

same
isolated
diseased

Question 8

Koch’s postulates (extra)

the ? to the organism should be detected in the patients ?

Answer 8

antibody
serum

Question 9

define pathogen

Answer 9

a harmful organism that produces a pathology

Question 10

define commensal/symbiotic/mutualistic

Answer 10

an organism that is part of the normal flora
endogenous

Question 11

define opportunistic pathogen

Answer 11

an organism that causes infection when opportunity/change in natural immunity arises e.g. open wound or immunocompromised

Question 12

define contaminant

Answer 12

organism that is growing in a culture by accident

Question 13

define virulence

Answer 13

the capacity of a microbe to caused damage to the host

Question 14

define exogenous

Answer 14

infective material derived from outside the patients body

Question 15

define endogenous

Answer 15

bacteria/fungi part of the natural microbiome

Question 16

how do endogenous organisms cause infection 2

Answer 16

• transfer from non-sterile to normally sterile site (mouth to blood to heart and endocarditis)
• change in natural flora (antibiotics change microbiome so more susceptible to disease)

Question 17

put these in order of approximal to sub gingival
- fusobacterium
- S. sanguinis
- spirochaetes
- S. mutans
- actinomyces
- S. oralis

Answer 17

S. mutans
S. sanguinis and S. oralis
Actinomyces
fusobacterium
spirochaetes

Question 18

define sporadic

Answer 18

occurring randomly only in a few places

Question 19

define endemic

Answer 19

regularly occurring within an area

Question 20

define epidemic

Answer 20

occurring widely in a community at a particular time

Question 21

define pandemic

Answer 21

prevalent over a whole country or the world