Infectious Diarrhoea Flashcards
Gastroenteritis is classified as
Three or more loose stools/day
Dysentery is classified as
Large bowel inflammation with bloody stools
What is most common food borne pathogen
Campylobacter
Which bacteria causes travellers diarrhoea
Enterotoxigenic E Coli
What happens to CAMP Levels and CI Secretion in Cholera
Increases
Mechanism of Diarrhoea in Cholera (3)
Increased Camp
Loss of CI, NA and K
Loss of Water from Gut
Hyponatraemia in Infective Diarrhoea why
Sodium loss with fluid replacement by hypotonic solutions
Hypokalaemia in Infective Diarrhoea why
Loss of K in Stool
40-80mmol of K in Stools
How to test for E coli in infective diarrhoea
Haemolysis Blood Count
Treatment of Gastro-Enteritis (2)
- Oral rehydrate with salt/sugar solution
- iv saline
Campylobacter Gastroenteritis Incubation period
7 Days
Campylobacter Gastroenteritis stools negative within
6 weeks
What infections can follow Campylobacter Gastroenteritis
Guillian Barre Syndrome
Reactive Arthritis
Which bacteria most common causes campolybacter
C Jejuni
When is symptom onset after salmonella gastroenteritis
<48 hours after exposure
salmonella gastroenteritis how long does diarrhoea usually last
<10 days
Post salmonella gastroenteritis which infection is common
Irritable Bowel
which bacteria in salmonella (3)
s enterica
s bongori
s typhimurium
E Coli 0157 is characterised by
Frequent Bloody Stools
E coli produces what toxin
Shiga Toxin
What happens to E Coli 0157 toxin
stays in gut but toxin gets into blood
E Coli 0157 toxin can cause
hemolytic-uraemic (HUS) syndrome (haemolytic anaemia and renal failure)
hemolytic-uraemic (HUS) syndrome characterised by
renal failure, haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia
Treatment for HUS
Not Antibiotics
most common cause of acute renal failure in children
hemolytic-uraemic (HUS) syndrome
hemolytic-uraemic (HUS) syndrome related to which bacteria
E Coli 0157
hemolytic-uraemic (HUS) syndrome features (5)
Abdo Pain Bloody Diarrhoea Fever Seizures Lethargy
hemolytic-uraemic (HUS) syndrome can lead to what three complications (3)
- Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia (Schistocytes)
- Thrombocytopenia
- Renal Insufficiency
What is the difference between E Coli 0157 and other E Coli’s
E Coli 0157 is sorbitol fermenting
Which bacteria can be caught from re-fried rice
Bacillus Cereus
which bacteria can be caught from undercooked meat
clostridium perfringens
When are antibiotics indicated in gastroenteritis (3)
- Immunocompromised
- Severe Sepsis
- Malignancy
C Diff produces which bacterias
Enterotxin and Cytotxin
How to treat C Diff (4)
- Metronidazole
- Oral Vancomycin
- Fidaxomicin
- Stool transplant
Which antibiotics to avoid in c diff (4)
Cephalosporin
Co Amoxiclav
Clindamycin
Ciprofloxacin
If 2 or more severity markers in C Diff which tablet to use to treat
Oral vancomycin
How to treat Protozoa eg Giardias Duodenalis
Metronidazole
How is rotavirus diagnosed
Antigen detection in stool
how is norovirus diagnosed
PCR
