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Systems 2nd Year: Infection > Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

At Risk Patient Groups for Fungal Infections (10)

A
  • Impaired Immune System
  • HIV/Aids
  • Malignancy
  • Premature Neonates
  • Chronic Lung Disease
  • Asthma
  • COPD
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Patients in ICU
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2
Q

Name two Fungal Skin Infections common in UK?

A

Tinea and Candidasis

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3
Q

Tinea is caused by

A

Dermatophytes

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4
Q

How does Candida present before disruption?

A

Asymptomatic

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5
Q

Risk Factors for Candida (9)

A 
Moist Areas
Skin Folds 
Obesity
Diabetes
Neonates
Pregnancy
Work in Wet Environment
Recent Broad Spectrum Antibiotic
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6
Q

Genital Candidiasis is also known as

A

Vaginal Thrush

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7
Q

Genital Candidiasis Symptoms (10)

A 
Itch
Sore
Burning
Dysuria
Vulval Oedema
Fissures
Cottage Cheese/White Curd Discharge
Bright Red Rash
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8
Q

Risk Factors for Genital Thrush (9)

A 
Just before and during menstruation
Obesity
Diabetes
Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Immunodeficiency
Recent Broad Spectrum Antibiotic
High Dose HRT
Pregnancy
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9
Q

Diagnosis of Genital Thrush (2)

A

Clinical

Vaginal Swab

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10
Q

Management of Genital Thrush (3)

A

Clotrimazole: Topical Antifungal Pessary or Cream
Oral Treatment: Fluconazole
Avoid Bubble Bath

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11
Q

In Management of Genital Thrush should you use probiotics or treat sexual partner?

A

No

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12
Q

What is non specific balantitis

A

Inflammation of Glans Penis

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13
Q

Non specific balantitis is what type of infection

A

bacteria or candida

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14
Q

How to treat non specific balantitis if caused by candida (1)

A

topical clotrimazole

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15
Q

What is Oral Candidiasis also known as

A

Oral Thrush

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16
Q

Risk Factors for Oral Candidiasis (Oral Thrush) (9)

A 
Immunocompromised
Inhaled or Oral Corticosteroid
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
Diabetes
Dental Prosthesis
Smoking
Poor Oral Hygiene
Nutrition Deficiency
Impaired Salivary Function
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17
Q

Symptoms for Oral Candidiasis (5)

A 
White or Yellow Plaques
Mild Burning
Erythema
Altered Taste
Furry Tongue
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18
Q

Management of Oral Candidiasis (2)

A

Topical Antifungal: Nystatin or Miconazole Gel

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19
Q

Systemic Candida Infections who is at risk (11)

A 
Immunosuppressed 
HIV
Malignancy
Chemo
Recent Abdo Surgery
Renal Failure
Low Birth Weight Infants
Neutropoenia
Diabetes
Candidermia
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20
Q

Invasive Candidiasis is centered where

A

Gut Commensal

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21
Q

Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis

A

Blood Cultures

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22
Q

Invasive Candidiasis treatment required

A

IV/Oral Antifungals

23
Q

Tinea causes (3)

A

Direct spread from Infected Individual/Animal

Indirect contact with objects which carry infection

24
Q

Tinea Risk Factors (5)

A 
Hot humid environments
Obesity
Tight fitting clothing
Immunocompomised
Hyperhidrosis (excess sweat)
25
Q

What is Hyperhidrosis

A

excess sweat

26
Q

Diagnosis of Tinea Signs

A

Scaly Itchy Skin

Asymmetrial Distribution

27
Q

Management of Tinea (3)

A

Topical Anti Fungal: Terbinafine, Clotrimazole or Miconazole
Requires 4 Week Treatment

28
Q

How to diagnose Fungal Nail Infection

A

Nail Clippings

29
Q

How to manage Fungal Nail Infections (3)

A

Cotton Absorptent Socks
Nails Trimmed
Topical Nail Lacquer: Amorlifine

30
Q

How long to treat Fungal Nail Infection fingernails

A

6 Months

31
Q

How long to treat Fungal Nail Infections toenails

A

9-12 months

32
Q

How long to use Oral Terbinafine for Fungal Nail infection fingernails

A

6-12 Weeks

33
Q

How long to use Oral Terbinafine for Fungal Nail infection toenails

A

3-6 Months

34
Q

Aspergillus is a type of mould found where(4)

A

Soil
Dust
Damp
Air Conditioning Systems

35
Q

How is Aspergillus transmitted

A

Inhaled by Spores

36
Q

At risk health conditions for Aspergillus (4)

A 
Cystic Fibrosis
COPD
TB
Sarcoidosis 
Weak Immune
37
Q

Aspergillus Symptoms (6)

A 
Cough
Sob
Wheeze
Pyrexia
General Malaise
Headache
38
Q

What type of Aspergillus is commonest in Asthma and Cystic Fibrosis

A

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilliosis

39
Q

Most common symptom in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilliosis

A

Longstanding cough >3 Weeks

40
Q

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilliosis can lead to

A

pulmonary fibrosis

41
Q

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilliosis diagnosis (6)

A 
Eosinophilia Bloods
Sputum Culture
Positive Skin Test for Aspergillosis 
Positive Serology for Aspergillus spp
CXR/CT
42
Q

Management for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilliosis (2)

A

Oral Long Term High Dose Prednisolone or Itraconazole Anti Fungal

43
Q

Chronic pulmonary aspergilliosis lasts longer than

A

3 Months

44
Q

Chronic pulmonary aspergilliosis affects

A

people with underlying lung conditions

45
Q

Chronic pulmonary aspergilliosis presentation (3)

A

exacerbation not responding to antibiotics
decline in lung function
resp Symptoms

46
Q

Chronic pulmonary aspergilliosis diagnosis (2)

A

sputum culture

cxr

47
Q

Chronic pulmonary aspergilliosis management

A

oral antifungals

48
Q

At risk of Aspergilloma (5)

A 
TB
Sarcoidosis
Bronchiectasis
After pulmonary infection 
Bronchial cyst or bullae
49
Q

Aspergilloma presentation

A

Haemoptysis

Sometimes presented on CXR

50
Q

Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergilliosis at risk patients (3)

A 
Neutropenic patients 
Post Transplant (stem cell highest risk)
patients with defects in phagocytes
51
Q

Presentation of Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergilliosis (5)

A 
Any organ involved
Resp Symptoms
Haemoptysis
Pleuritic Chest pain
Nasal Congestion and Pain
52
Q

Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergilliosis can spread how?

A

Haematogenous

53
Q

Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergilliosis can present as

A

persistent febrile neutropoenia

54
Q

Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergilliosis management

A

IV Anti Fungal

Systems 2nd Year: Infection (11 decks)

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