Fungal Infections Flashcards
At Risk Patient Groups for Fungal Infections (10)
- Impaired Immune System
- HIV/Aids
- Malignancy
- Premature Neonates
- Chronic Lung Disease
- Asthma
- COPD
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Patients in ICU
Name two Fungal Skin Infections common in UK?
Tinea and Candidasis
Tinea is caused by
Dermatophytes
How does Candida present before disruption?
Asymptomatic
Risk Factors for Candida (9)
Moist Areas Skin Folds Obesity Diabetes Neonates Pregnancy Work in Wet Environment Recent Broad Spectrum Antibiotic
Genital Candidiasis is also known as
Vaginal Thrush
Genital Candidiasis Symptoms (10)
Itch Sore Burning Dysuria Vulval Oedema Fissures Cottage Cheese/White Curd Discharge Bright Red Rash
Risk Factors for Genital Thrush (9)
Just before and during menstruation Obesity Diabetes Iron Deficiency Anaemia Immunodeficiency Recent Broad Spectrum Antibiotic High Dose HRT Pregnancy
Diagnosis of Genital Thrush (2)
Clinical
Vaginal Swab
Management of Genital Thrush (3)
Clotrimazole: Topical Antifungal Pessary or Cream
Oral Treatment: Fluconazole
Avoid Bubble Bath
In Management of Genital Thrush should you use probiotics or treat sexual partner?
No
What is non specific balantitis
Inflammation of Glans Penis
Non specific balantitis is what type of infection
bacteria or candida
How to treat non specific balantitis if caused by candida (1)
topical clotrimazole
What is Oral Candidiasis also known as
Oral Thrush
Risk Factors for Oral Candidiasis (Oral Thrush) (9)
Immunocompromised Inhaled or Oral Corticosteroid Broad Spectrum Antibiotics Diabetes Dental Prosthesis Smoking Poor Oral Hygiene Nutrition Deficiency Impaired Salivary Function
Symptoms for Oral Candidiasis (5)
White or Yellow Plaques Mild Burning Erythema Altered Taste Furry Tongue
Management of Oral Candidiasis (2)
Topical Antifungal: Nystatin or Miconazole Gel
Systemic Candida Infections who is at risk (11)
Immunosuppressed HIV Malignancy Chemo Recent Abdo Surgery Renal Failure Low Birth Weight Infants Neutropoenia Diabetes Candidermia
Invasive Candidiasis is centered where
Gut Commensal
Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis
Blood Cultures
Invasive Candidiasis treatment required
IV/Oral Antifungals
Tinea causes (3)
Direct spread from Infected Individual/Animal
Indirect contact with objects which carry infection
Tinea Risk Factors (5)
Hot humid environments Obesity Tight fitting clothing Immunocompomised Hyperhidrosis (excess sweat)
What is Hyperhidrosis
excess sweat
Diagnosis of Tinea Signs
Scaly Itchy Skin
Asymmetrial Distribution
Management of Tinea (3)
Topical Anti Fungal: Terbinafine, Clotrimazole or Miconazole
Requires 4 Week Treatment
How to diagnose Fungal Nail Infection
Nail Clippings
How to manage Fungal Nail Infections (3)
Cotton Absorptent Socks
Nails Trimmed
Topical Nail Lacquer: Amorlifine
How long to treat Fungal Nail Infection fingernails
6 Months
How long to treat Fungal Nail Infections toenails
9-12 months
How long to use Oral Terbinafine for Fungal Nail infection fingernails
6-12 Weeks
How long to use Oral Terbinafine for Fungal Nail infection toenails
3-6 Months
Aspergillus is a type of mould found where(4)
Soil
Dust
Damp
Air Conditioning Systems
How is Aspergillus transmitted
Inhaled by Spores
At risk health conditions for Aspergillus (4)
Cystic Fibrosis COPD TB Sarcoidosis Weak Immune
Aspergillus Symptoms (6)
Cough Sob Wheeze Pyrexia General Malaise Headache
What type of Aspergillus is commonest in Asthma and Cystic Fibrosis
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilliosis
Most common symptom in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilliosis
Longstanding cough >3 Weeks
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilliosis can lead to
pulmonary fibrosis
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilliosis diagnosis (6)
Eosinophilia Bloods Sputum Culture Positive Skin Test for Aspergillosis Positive Serology for Aspergillus spp CXR/CT
Management for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilliosis (2)
Oral Long Term High Dose Prednisolone or Itraconazole Anti Fungal
Chronic pulmonary aspergilliosis lasts longer than
3 Months
Chronic pulmonary aspergilliosis affects
people with underlying lung conditions
Chronic pulmonary aspergilliosis presentation (3)
exacerbation not responding to antibiotics
decline in lung function
resp Symptoms
Chronic pulmonary aspergilliosis diagnosis (2)
sputum culture
cxr
Chronic pulmonary aspergilliosis management
oral antifungals
At risk of Aspergilloma (5)
TB Sarcoidosis Bronchiectasis After pulmonary infection Bronchial cyst or bullae
Aspergilloma presentation
Haemoptysis
Sometimes presented on CXR
Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergilliosis at risk patients (3)
Neutropenic patients Post Transplant (stem cell highest risk) patients with defects in phagocytes
Presentation of Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergilliosis (5)
Any organ involved Resp Symptoms Haemoptysis Pleuritic Chest pain Nasal Congestion and Pain
Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergilliosis can spread how?
Haematogenous
Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergilliosis can present as
persistent febrile neutropoenia
Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergilliosis management
IV Anti Fungal