Infectious Diarrhea Flashcards
Which virus accounts for the most cases of non-bloody diarrhea?
Calicivirus.
Which accounts for more cases of acute infectious diarrhea: viral or bacterial infections?
Viral.
What is the mode of transfer of viral pathogens causing non-bloody diarrhea?
Fecal-to-oral.
What is the clinical presentation for calicivirus infection?
Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, myalgia, high grade fever, and headache for 1-3 days.
How is calicivirus infection treated?
Supportive care, rehydration.
When are rotavirus infections most common?
During the winter (all year in tropical regions).
What is the clinical presentation of rotavirus infection?
Vomiting followed by watery diarrhea lasting 5-7 days.
How is rotavirus infection treated?
Supportive care, rehydration (possibly anti-rotavirus antibodies).
A vaccine is available.
What is the clinical presentation of enteric adenovirus infection?
Diarrhea, vomiting, and fever lasting 5-7 days.
How is enteric adenovirus infection treated?
Supportive care, rehydration.
What is the clinical presentation of astrovirus infection?
Watery diarrhea for 1-4 days.
How is astrovirus infection treated?
Supportive care, rehydration.
Which food-borne bacteria typically cause non-bloody diarrhea?
(1) enterotoxigenic E. coli
(2) diffusely adhering E. coli
(3) V. cholera
Which non-food-borne bacteria typically cause non-bloody diarrhea?
(1) Aeromonas
(2) Bacteroides fragilis
(3) diffusely adhering E. coli
Which parasites typically cause non-bloody diarrhea?
(1) Giardia
(2) Cryptosporidium
(3) Cyclospora
(4) Trichella spiralis
Which bacteria typically cause bloody diarrhea?
(1) Shigella
(2) Salmonella
(3) Campylobacter
(4) EHEC
(5) EIEC
(6) Yersinia
Which parasites typically cause bloody diarrhea?
(1) E. histolytica
(2) Schistosomiasis
Which bacteria cause diarrhea via food-borne toxins?
(1) Clostridium perfingens
(2) Staphylococcus aureus
(3) Bacillus cereus
(4) Clostridium botulinum
(5) Bacillus anthrasis
Which infections commonly cause diarrhea in immunosuppressed patients?
(1) Microsporidia
(2) Cryptosporidium
(3) Cyclospora
(4) Isospora
(5) CMV
(6) Herpes
Which infection causing diarrhea is commonly acquired in hospitals?
C. difficile.
For which intestinal infections are fecal leukocytes usually present?
(1) Campylobacter
(2) EHEC
(3) EIEC
(4) Shigella
J: This intestinal infection is associated with pseudomembranous colitis.
What is C. difficile?
Which bacteria can cause inflammatory chronic diarrhea?
(1) C. difficile
(2) Aeromonas
(3) Yersinia
(4) Salmonella
(5) Campylobacter
(6) Tuberculosis
(7) N. gonorrhea
(8) Treponema pallidum
(9) Chlamydia
What viral infections can cause inflammatory chronic diarrhea?
(1) CMV
2) HSV (colitis
Which parasites can cause inflammatory chronic diarrhea?
(1) E. histolytica
(2) Strongyloides
(3) Schistosomiasis
What is the clinical presentation for Whipple’s disease?
Weight loss, watery diarrhea, arthralgia, low grade fever, neurological symptoms, cardiac infections, hyperpigmentation.
What is the cause of Whipple’s disease?
The bacteria Tropheryma whipplei.
Which infections can cause malabsorptive chronic diarrhea?
(1) Tropheryma whipplei
(2) Giardia
Which infections can cause secretory chronic diarrhea?
(1) Cryptosporidium
(2) Cyclospora
(3) Microsporidia
(4) Isospora
Which infection is frequently associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome?
EHEC.
