Anatomy: Paraalimentary

Question 0

What are the major salivary glands?

Answer 0

(1) parotid gland
(2) submandibular gland
(3) sublingual gland

Question 1

What innervates the parotid gland?

Answer 1

CN IX.

Question 2

What innervates the submandibular gland?

Answer 2

CN VII.

Question 3

What innervates the sublingual gland?

Answer 3

CN VII.

Question 4

J: This fetal structure gives rise to the round ligament of the liver after birth.

Answer 4

What is the umbilical vein (which carried oxygenated blood to the fetus)?

Question 5

What are the 2 surfaces of the liver?

Answer 5

(1) diaphragmatic

(2) visceral

Question 6

What comprises the porta hepatis?

Answer 6

(1) portal vein
(2) hepatic artery
(3) hepatic duct

Question 7

What notable structure lies next to the quadrate lobe of the liver?

Answer 7

The gallbladder.

Question 8

What notable structure lies next to the caudate lobe of the liver?

Answer 8

The inferior vena cava.

Question 9

What are the anatomical divisions of the liver?

Answer 9

(1) Left (left lobe)

2) Right (right, caudate, quadrate lobes

Question 10

What are the functional divisions of the liver?

Answer 10

(1) Left (left, quadrate, part of caudate lobes)

2) Right (right, part of caudate lobes

Question 11

Which provides more blood to the liver: hepatic artery or portal vein?

Answer 11

Portal vein (75%).

Question 12

What are the pancreatic-biliary sphincters?

Answer 12

(1) common bile duct sphincter of Boyden
(2) main pancreatic duct sphincter
(3) hepatopancreatic ampulla sphincter of Oddi

Question 13

What are the pancreatic ducts?

Answer 13

(1) main pancreatic duct of Wirsung

(2) accessory pancreatic duct of Santorini

Question 14

What regulates the biliary flow in and out of the gallbladder?

Answer 14

The spiral valve of Heister.

Question 15

What bounds the triangle of Calot?

Answer 15

(1) cystic artery
(2) cystic duct
(3) common hepatic duct

Question 16

What is the significance of Hartmann’s pouch (infundibulum of the gallbladder)?

Answer 16

It is a common site in which a gallstone can lodge.

Question 17

Where is a gallstone most likely to lodge?

Answer 17

The hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater.

Question 18

What part of the pancreas is secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 18

All but the tail, which is intraperitoneal.

Question 19

What arteries supply the pancreas?

Answer 19

(1) splenic artery
(2) superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (branching from the gastroduodenal artery off the common hepatic artery)
(3) inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (branching from the superior mesenteric artery)

Question 20

What structures are tucked within the curvature of the pancreas?

Answer 20

(1) superior mesenteric vein

(2) superior mesenteric artery

Question 21

What structures join to form the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 21

(1) splenic vein

(2) superior mesenteric vein

Question 22

Into what structure does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?

Answer 22

The splenic vein.

Question 23

Into what structure does the left gastric vein drain?

Answer 23

The hepatic portal vein.

Question 24

Where are the portacaval anastomoses?

Answer 24

(1) esophageal
(2) paraumbilical
(3) rectal
(4) retroperitoneal

Question 25

What can result from dilation due to portal hypertension?

Answer 25

(1) esophageal varices
(2) caput medusa
(3) hemorrhoids

Question 26

What supplies blood to the appendix?

Answer 26

A branch of the ileocolic artery.

Question 27

What is the most common position of the appendix?

Answer 27

Retrocecal (64%).