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SP17: Micro/Immuno (Test 1) > Infectious Agents (Igboin) > Flashcards

Infectious Agents (Igboin) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a biofilm?

A

Multicellular community of bacteria on a surface, encased in exopolymer

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2
Q

Does bacteria attach directly to a surface?

A

No. Attach to conditioning layer (salivary proteins, fibrin, etc.)

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3
Q

What causes the initial irreversible absorption of bacteria unto biofilms?

A

Adhesions

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4
Q

How do other molecules build on to the primary colonizers?

A

Co-aggregation: adhesion molecule and receptor

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5
Q

What are the three basic needs of a biofilm?

A
  1. Physical: adherence
  2. Nutritional
  3. Respiratory: anaerobes and facultative anaerobes
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6
Q

What is the difference between reversible and irreversible binding in biofilms?

A

Irreversible: adhesins and receptors

Reversible: smaller forces

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7
Q

What makes up the majority of a biofilm?

A

Spider web of extracellular polymers (75-95%)

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8
Q

What shape do the micro colonies make?

A

Mushroom

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9
Q

What are the two methods of releasing bacteria from the biofilm?

A

Active: enzyme
Passive: fluid flow and collision

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10
Q

What are the advantages for a microbe of living in a biofilm?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Rapid genetic sharing
  3. Lots of nutrients
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11
Q

What is quorum sensing? What is its purpose?

A

Cell-cell communication in bacteria where they monitor each other’s density

Purpose: synchronize behaviors such as biofilm formation

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12
Q

What is the difference between gram-and gram+ quorum sensing?

A

Gram-: 2 main components (autoinducer LuxI, receptor LuxR)

Gram+: 3 main components (oligopeptide, receptor, response regulator)

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13
Q

T/F: In quorum sensing, a higher cell population density will upregulate transcription.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

What is special about LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing?

A

Proposed interspecies communication

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15
Q

What are the three classes of signaling molecules?

A
  1. AHL
  2. Oligopeptides
  3. AI-2
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16
Q

How can you block biofilm formation?

A

Block quorum sensing

17
Q

What are some characteristics of bacteroides?

A
  1. Gram -
  2. Strict anaerobes
  3. Complex carbs
18
Q

How do bacteroides withstand short exposure to O2?

A

Superoxide dismutase and catalase

19
Q

What typically results from a intra-abdominal infection?

A

Biphasic diseases

B. Fragilis

20
Q

Why is B. Frag the most predominant bacteria in PC abscesses?

A
  1. Phagocyte resistant

2. Oxygen tolerant

21
Q

T/F: Abdominal abscesses allow for bacteria to enter the blood causing possible sepsis/shock.

A

TRUE

22
Q

How are abscesses diagnosed?

A

CAT scan and cultures

23
Q

How are abscesses treated?

A

Surgery and antibiotics

24
Q

What is sepsis?

A

Systemic illness with multiple organ malfunction and hemodynamic derangement

25
Q

How is sepsis treated?

A
  1. High O2
  2. IV fluids
  3. vasopressors
  4. Antibiotics
26
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Detect antibodies against the bacterium

27
Q

How do you treat syphilis?

A

Penicillin

28
Q

What are some general characteristics of treponemes?

A
  1. Helical shape
  2. Corkscrew movement
  3. Periplasmic flagella
29
Q

Describe primary syphilis?

A

Syphilitic chancre formed and will heal spontaneously

30
Q

What is part of secondary syphilis?

A

Patient develops rash due to systemic spread of bacteria

Can result in latent syphilis

31
Q

What is associated with tertiary syphilis?

A

Development of lesions attacking various tissues in the body

GUMMAS

32
Q

What causes lyme disease?

A

B. Burgdorferi

33
Q

How does B. Burgdorferi (lyme disease) enter the human?

A

Via the salivary glands of deer tick

34
Q

How does b. Burgdorferi spread?

A

Human plasmin

35
Q

What are the three stages of lyme disease?

A
  1. Localized skin infection
  2. Disseminated infection in CNS (IL-1 and TNFalpha)
  3. Months to years later: arthritis
36
Q

How is lyme disease detected and treated?

A

Detected: antibodies

Treatment: NO penicillin, doxycycline or amoxicillin

SP17: Micro/Immuno (Test 1) (10 decks)

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