Infections on surfaces

Question 1

Define prosthetic surfaces

Answer 1

A surface that we introduce into the body

Question 2

Define a surface

Answer 2

Interface between a solid and either a liquid or a gas

Question 3

Give some important viruses found on the skin

Answer 3

Papilloma

Herpes simplex

Question 4

Give some important bacteria found on the skin

Answer 4

Staph aureus
Coagulase negative staphylococci
Enterobacteriase

Question 5

Give some important fungi found on the skin

Answer 5

Dermatophytes (athletes foot)

Yeasts

Question 6

Give some important parasite found on the skin

Answer 6

Mites

Scabies

Question 7

What is flanking DNA?

Answer 7

Bacteria have the same start and end sequence

Question 8

What are microbiota?

Answer 8

Commensalsmicroorganism that we carry normally on our skin

Question 9

Give some mucosal flora found in the eye

Answer 9

Coagulase negative staphylococci
diphtheroids saprophytic
Neisseria species
viridans group streptococci

Question 10

Give some mucosal flora found in the nares

Answer 10

Staph aureus

Question 11

Give some mucosal flora found in the nasopharynx

Answer 11

Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis

Question 12

Give some mucosal flora found in the mouth

Answer 12

Viridans Streptococci
Neisseria
Lactobacillus
Bacteroides clostridia
Candida

Question 13

Give some mucosal bacteria found in the stomach

Answer 13

Helicobacter
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Lactobacilli

Question 14

Give some mucosal flora found in the intestine

Answer 14

BacterioidesLactobacilusColiformsClostridium

Question 15

Give some mucosal flora in the urethra

Answer 15

Enterobacteriaceaelactobacillienterococci

Question 16

Give some mucosal flora in the vagina

Answer 16

Lactobacillus
Coagulase-negative staphylococci
yeasts
Ureaplasmas

Question 17

Describe Cellulitis

Answer 17

Infection of deeper layer of skin and underlying tissue
Usually seen on legs
Skin will be red, painfully swollen and hot – can causes septicaemia

Question 18

What causes cellulitis?

Answer 18

Group A streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus– enters through damaged skin

Question 19

Who is more vulnerable to cellulitits?

Answer 19

People with athletes foot of eczema– enters though small breaks or cracks in skin

Question 20

Describe pharyngitis

Answer 20

Causes a sore throat due to inflammation of the oropharynx. Leads to sore throut, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, cough, headache, difficulty or pain when swallowing

Question 21

What causes pharyngitis?

Answer 21

Usually has a viral cause but can be due to group A streptococcus

Question 22

What are some complications of pharyngitis?

Answer 22

Tonsilitis
Ear infection
Sinus infection
Throat and peritonsilar abscesses

Question 23

Describe conjunctivitis

Answer 23

Pink eye, with pus or watery discharge and crust on the eyelashes. Inflammation of the conjunctiva.

Question 24

What causes conjunctivitis?

Answer 24

Usually has a viral cause (adenovirus) but most are treated with antibiotics despite the low incidence of bacterial cause.

Question 25

What is gastroenteritis?

Answer 25

Is characterised by nausea, vomiting and non-bloody diarrhoea. Often have fever and abdominal cramping. Tend to develop with 48 hours of ingesting contaminated food

Question 26

What can cause gastroenteritis?

Answer 26

Salmonella

Question 27

Where can some prosthetic surface infections occur?

Answer 27

Intravascular lines
 Prosthetic joint surfaces
Cardiac valves
Endovascular grafts
Pacing wires
Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts
Peritoneal dialysis catheters

Question 28

What can cause endocarditis of a native cardiac valve?

Answer 28

Viridans streptococci

Question 29

What can cause endocarditis of a prosthetic valve?

Answer 29

Coagulase negative staphylococci

Question 30

What causes prosthetic joint infections?

Answer 30

Coagulase negative staphylococci

Staphylococcus aureus