Antibiotics

Question 1

Mechanism of how cell wall synthesis is affected

Answer 1

Prevents formation of structurally sound cell wall - prevents peptidoglycan cross-links from forming in cell walls

Question 2

Give some examples of antibiotics that affect cell wall synthesis

Answer 2

Penicillins
Glycopeptides
Cephalosporins

Question 3

What are beta-lactam antibiotics?

Give some examples

Answer 3

Contain a beta-lactam ring in their wall
Penicillin
Carbapenems
Cephalosporins

Question 4

What other antibiotic is commonly used with penicillins?

Answer 4

Aminoglycosides - Penicillin breaks down peptidoglycan cell wall and this allows easier entry for aminoglycoside to disrupt protein synthesis

Question 5

What type of bacteria are penicillins commonly used to treat against?

Answer 5

Gram positive bacteria

Question 6

Give some examples of antibiotics that affect cell membrane function

Answer 6

Polymixins

Question 7

Give some examples of antibiotics that affect protein synthesis

Answer 7

Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Fusidic acid

Question 8

Why can the protein synthesis in bacteria be exploited?

Answer 8

Bacteria have different ribosomes- 30s and 50s instead of 40s adn 60s like in humans

Question 9

Give some antibiotics that affect nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 9

Quinolones
Rifampicin
Antifolates

Question 10

What antibiotics would you use for gram negative bacteria?

Answer 10

Aminoglycoside
Carbapenem
Quinolone (ciprofloxacin)

Question 11

What antibiotics would you use for gram positive bacteria?

Answer 11

Vancomycin (glycopeptide)
Tetracycline
Macrolides (penicillin alternative)
Penicillin

Question 12

What antibiotic is good for anaerobic bacteria?

Answer 12

Metronidazole

Also treats against protozoa

Question 13

When would you use aminoglycosides?

Answer 13

Reserved for gram negative sepsis

Question 14

What would you give in a C. difficile infection?

Answer 14

Metronidazole

400-500mg PO TDS for 10-14 days