Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3 - Infection > deck_1679051 > Flashcards

deck_1679051 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the maim species that cause Malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, ovale & malariae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is malaria spread?

A

Via a vector, the female anophales mosquito

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is malaria seen?

A

AsiaAfricaMiddle EastSouth AmericaCentral America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which malaria is the most deadly?

A

Falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long is the incubation period?

A

1-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give the symptoms of malaria

A

HeadacheCoughMalaiseFatigueArthralgiaMyalgiaFever, chills and sweats which cycle every 3-4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some specific investigations for malaria?

A

Blood smearHead CT for CNS symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the treatments for malaria?

A

Depends on speciesFalciparum = quinine Others = chloroquinine, primaquinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the exo-erythrocytic phase?

A

Where plasmodium multiplies in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the erythroctic phase?

A

Where plasmodium is bing transported in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can malaria be prevented?

A

Know at risk areasPrevention of bites – repellent, long sleeves, mosquito netsChemoprophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is enteric/typhoid fever?

A

A severe life-threatening systemic illness. It is characterised by fever and abdominal symtoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cause enteric fever?

A

Salmonella infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is enteric fever commonly seen?

A

Asia South America Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is enteric fever spread?

A

Faecal oral transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would someone with enteric fever present?

A

Non-specificFever and headache

17
Q

What are some symptoms of enteric fever?

A

Abdominal discomfortConstipationDry coughOccasional rash

18
Q

What is the incubation period for typhoid fever?

A

7-14 days

19
Q

What are some signs of enteric fever on investigation?

A

Moderate anaemiaRelative lymphocyte countRaised LFTs of transaminase and bilirubin

20
Q

How can enteric fever be prevented?

A

Food and water hygieneTyphoid vaccine

21
Q

What are some other infections that salmonella can cause?

A

Food poisoning- can lead to bacteraemia and deep seated infections

22
Q

What is brucellosis?

A

Systemic infection causing a non-specific febrile illness. Is a zoonosis

23
Q

How can someone get brucellosis?

A

Through skin breaks and the GI tract

24
Q

How is brucellosis treated?

A

Doxycycline and rifampicin

25
Q

What are some specific characteristics of brucellosis infection?

A

Is very infectious and is very easy to transmit.

26
Q

What would the treatment plan be for someone who had watery diarrhoea?

A

Fluids - oral or IV depending on severityIntroduce bland foodsGive antibiotics when the patient has sever or prolonged symptoms

27
Q

What type of micro-organism is influenza A?

A

Single stranded RNA virus

28
Q

How is influenza A transmitted?

A

Respiratory secretions

29
Q

What is a specific characteristic of influenza A?

A

Has antigens associated with its outer viral proteins – H and N

30
Q

What does a H antigen represent?

A

Haemagglutinin– causes RBCs to agglutinate– have 16 subtypes

31
Q

What does an N antigen represent?

A

Neuroaminidase– cleaves glycosidic bonds between neuraminic acid

32
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Minor change to N and H antigens which occur each year. Are due to random mutations in the proteins. Subtypes do not change.

33
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Change in the properties of antigens and therefore the subtype. Occurs every 10-20 years. Gives rise to major outbreaks e.g. H1N1

34
Q

What is the pharmacological action of oseltamivir?

A

Is a neuroaminidase inhibitor

35
Q

What is Leigonella pneumophilia?

A

Gram negative rod

36
Q

How is Leigonella pneumophilia spread?

A

Respiratory secretions

37
Q

How does Leigonella pneumophilia replicate?

A

Is taken up by macrophages by phagocytosis but the lysosome cannot fuse with the vacuole. This allows the bacteria to replicate inside the macrophage where it is protected.

38
Q

How would you treat Leigonella pneumophilia?

A

Quinolone class antibiotic– it is a notifiable disease

3 - Infection (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions