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Question 1

What are the main purposes of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

1. Fluid Balance– returns interstitial fluid and fluid from the blood2. Fat absorption3. Defence– removes organisms and foreign substances– activates immune system– is the highway for leukocytes

Question 2

Give some physical characteristics of the lymphatic capilaries

Answer 2

1. simple squamous epithelium2. closed ended vessels3. no basement membrane4. vessels are closely entwined with the blood vessels

Question 3

How is fluid moved from the blood into the lymphatic system?

Answer 3

Compression of the surrounding structures forces fluid out e.g. skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, pressure changes in the chest that occur during breathing

Question 4

What structures drain into the right lymphatic duct?

Answer 4

Upper right limbRight half of the head and chest

Question 5

What structures drain into the thoracic duct?

Answer 5

Lymph from the rest of the body

Question 6

Describe the structure of lymph nodes

Answer 6

Are rounded structures that are found throughout the lymphatic system– outer cortex. made up of follicles. These have a germinal centre, containing dividing lymphocytes. – inner medulla containting phagocytic macrophages

Question 7

What are the four main clinical set of lymph nodes?

Answer 7

CervicalAxillaryInguinalChain of lymph nodes found in the aorta

Question 8

What is chyle?

Answer 8

Lymph which is milky in appearance due to high fat content

Question 9

Define lymphadenopathy

Answer 9

All types of lymph node enlargement

Question 10

What are the tonsils and what do they do?

Answer 10

Are a collection of lymphatic tissue which trap and remove bacterial/other foreign materials.

Question 11

When does tonsillitis occur?

Answer 11

Congestion of bacteria in the tonsils

Question 12

What is the spleen and what is its purpose?

Answer 12

The largest lymphatic organ which:Filters the bloodStores plateletsCreates new blood cellsRecycles ironActivates an immune response

Question 13

Describe the tissue found in the spleen

Answer 13

Have two types of tissue1. Red Pulp– receives and filters arterial blood as it passes to the venous sinuses – is lined with macrophages2. White Pulp– helps to activate T cells for an immune response– recognises and removes pathogens

Question 14

Where do you find the thymus?

Answer 14

Sits in front of the heart and beneath the sternum- is largest in children, gets smaller with age and is replaces by fat and CT in the elderly

Question 15

What is the function of the thymus?

Answer 15

T lymphocytes are produced here and thymosins are secreted from here.