infections of GI Flashcards
oral infections
dental caries, gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (trench mouth)
CC: streptococcus mutans, strep oralis
VF: biofilms
mumps
parotitis, gopher like swelling, swelling of reproductive organs, fever, tired
CC: mumps virus
VF: syncytia
Tx: self limiting, treated under MMR
gastritis
sharp pain from the abdomen, can lead to ulcers and dark bloody stools, can also lead to gastric carcinoma
CC: heliobacter pylori
VF: urease enzyme, makes ammonia when breaking down urea
Tx: amoxicillin, tet, flagyl, clarithromycin
reiter’s symdome
urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis (can’t pee, can’t see, can’t climb a tree)
from LPS in the body, treat with anti-inflammatory
Guillain-Barre syndrome
peripheral neuropathy (paralysis), from LPS in the PNS, treat with cortical steroids
salmonella
liked to dairy and raw poultry, watery diarrhea
CC: one of the many salmonellas (G-)
VF: invasive, can hide in cells and make it to blood for shock, gets to bones and causes osteomyelitis
Tx: if it becomes systemic, use ampicillin or Bactrim
typhoid fever
invasion of the spleen and liver and blood stream
has fever, abdominal rash, chills, and neurological symptoms
Tx: ampicillin or Bactrim
shigella
intense abdominal pain, vomiting, intense straining, causes hemolytic uremic syndrome when toxin enters bloodstream and gets to the kidneys
CC: shigella sonnei, s. flexneri, s. dysenteriae
VF: shiga toxin-inhibits protein synthesis, invasive
Tx: bactrim, ampicillin, azithromycin
EHEC
tie to hamburger meat, bloody diarrhea, HUS
VF: shiga toxin and effacing lesions
Dx: can’t use sorbitol for metabolism
Tx: nothing
EIEC
bloody (streaks and flecks) diarrhea with pus
VF: invasive
Dx: cannot use lactose for metabolism
Tx: supportive treatment
ETEC
traveler’s diarrhea, watery, transmitted by fomites (dirty glasses and ice)
VF: two toxins
Tx: self limiting
EPEC
profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, infants and toddler and adults with poor immune systems
VF: pedestal formations
Tx: monitor and supportive
EAEC
chronic watery diarrhea common in young children and aids patients
VF: forms hook
Campylobacter jejuni
associated with cooked poultry, watery, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain
VF: 2 toxins
chance of Guillain-barre
Tx: rehydrate, if severe, erythromycin
clostridium difficile
superinfection, yellow mucus-y diarrhea, cramps, fever, after antibiotics
CC: G+
VF: two enterotoxins and spores
Complications: pseudomembranous colitis
Tx: discontinue the antibiotic, switch to flagyl, replacement therapy
vibrio cholerae
in water, rice water diarrhea, no pain, lose all the water
CC: gram -, comma shaped
VF: cholera toxin (AB camp)
Tx: rehydrate FIRST, ribosomal inhibitors for kids or trimethoprim
vibrio parahaemolyticus
extreme watery diarrhea linked to shellfish, cholera’s little brother
VF: invasive enterotoxin
staphyloccus aureus
white foods, creamy and processed meats, cramping nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
VF: staph enterotoxin A
Tx: nothing, recover quickly
bacillus cereus
VF: two exotoxins, emetic and diarrheal
diarrheal liked to cookmats and vegetables
emetic linked to fried rice
cryptosporidium parvum
parasitic, waterborne fecal oral, self-limiting in the immunocompetent, extreme in the immunocompromised such as aids
Dx: find oocysts
Tx: flagyl
giardia lamblia
long duration, flatulence, greasy, bad smelling stools, backpackers disease, Boy Scout diarrhea, beaver fever, fecal oral in water
Dx: two eyespots
Tx: flagyl
Entamoeba histolytica
bloody diarrhea, non-bacillary dysentery, chocolate pus
VF: secretes enzymes to dissolve tissues
can spread to the liver or spleen, amoebic hepatitis
Dx: cysts
Tx: flagyl
cyclosporiasis
explosive watery diarrhea, bloating, tight drum like abdomin, fresh produce and water with fecal
CC: cyclosporine cayetanensis
VF: parasitic, invasive
Tx: Bactrim, not flagy
rotovirus
sudden onset, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever, peaks in winter
vaccine: rotatech
Dx: wheel
norovirus
projectile vomiting and water diarrhea, malaise, low fever, airborne, cruise ships, summer camps, nursing homes
Dx: cup
astrovirus
projectile vomiting and watery diarrhea all in immunocompromised patients
Dx: star shaped
Tx: ribavirin
adenovirus
increased in summer, longer incubation, vomiting and watery diarrhea, can develop respiratory symptoms, lactose intolerance, and intussusception
CC: dna virus, sputnik virus
gastroenteritis: serotypes 40-42
pharyngoconjunctival fever: serotypes 3,7
VF: spikes attach and infect intestinal lining
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver, malaise, fever, pain in RUQ, jaundice, dark/tea colored urine, clay-colored stool, ALT and AST in blood
CC: A&C are rna, B is DNA
A: transmitted by food, will go away
B: chronic, leading to cirrhosis or cancer, balls and sticks
treated with interferon, valacyclovir, and lamivudine
C: goes to cancer fast, treatment is harvoni
enterobius vermicularis
pinworm, from the dirt, hatch in the large intestine, crawl out of the butt to lay eggs then crawl back, causes perianal itching and squirming
Dx: scotch tape test
Tx: pyrantel pamoate
Ascaris lumbricoides
roundworm, from dirt, hatch in large intestine then go to lungs and then back to the large intestine. distended belly, blockage, nutrient depletion, death
Tx: bendazoles
Necator americanus
hookworm, uses teeth to go straight from soil, ground itch, nutrient depletion, failure to thrive, blood sucking worm
Tx: bendazoles
Trichinella spiralis
hunters worm, from eating wild game, nausea vomiting, painful lesions, migrates to other tissues
Tx: bendazoles
Taenia saginata
beef tapeworm, in undercooked beef, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, painful bowels, intestinal blockage
Dx: worm with suckers
Tx: bendazoles
Taenia solium
pork tapeworm, undercooked pork, causes cysts
Dx: suckers and teeth
Tx: bendazoles
