Hypersensitivities Flashcards
Type one
immediate, allergies, wrong antibody type, causes release of inflammatory molecules
type two
antibody mediated, wrong recognition of self/foreign
type three
complexing, wrong clearance, start of a new reaction on something that doesn’t need it
type four
delayed, cell mediated, wrong response, over powerful and targets cells
atopic
chronic, local allergy = hay fever or asthma
anaphylaxis
systemic, could be fatal, blood pressure drops and airway constricts
what happens in type one?
formation of IgE instead of IgA or IgG, IgE binds and activates mast cells (which explode) and that makes histamine
sensitization
when empty IgE binds to mast cells
asthma
type one, unknown Ag, treated with steroids (reduce swelling), bronchodilators (relax contracted muscle), and combo drugs
atopic dermatitis
type one, eczema
Dx: red, dry, itchy, scaly skin
Tx: corticoid steroids
incompatible transfusion
type two, antibody binding to RBC, breaks down blood with complement
hemolytic disease of the newborn
type two, Rh- mothers with Rh+ fathers, moms antibodies bind to babies blood and break it down
Tx: rhogam
drug induced cytotoxic reactions
some molecules act as haptens,
immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITCP)
drug induced, type two, destruction of platelets
Dx: easy bruising, bleeding tendencies
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
destruction of RBC, drug induced type two
Dx: fatigue, anemia, sore tongue
warm is when IgG attacks RBc from corticosteroids
cold is the IgM and complement coat RBC
Arthus reaction
type three, like cellulitis, after booster shots, takes many days to occur
serum sickness
type three, after injections, 3-5 days after, lines or veins of red rash and fever but goes away after a week
poison ivy
type four, T cells are used when they shouldn’t be, haptens bind to the skin so skin is destroyed
allergic contact dermatitis
type four, like poison ivy, haptens bind to the skin so skin is killed, use the third line so memory cells made
graft rejection
type four, when CTLs recognize the foreign MHC, slow rejection around 2 weeks
SJS/TEN
type four
Dx: flu-like symptoms the painful red or purple rash that spreads and blisters, kills top layer of skin
