Hypersensitivities

Question 1

Type one

Answer 1

immediate, allergies, wrong antibody type, causes release of inflammatory molecules

Question 2

type two

Answer 2

antibody mediated, wrong recognition of self/foreign

Question 3

type three

Answer 3

complexing, wrong clearance, start of a new reaction on something that doesn’t need it

Question 4

type four

Answer 4

delayed, cell mediated, wrong response, over powerful and targets cells

Question 5

atopic

Answer 5

chronic, local allergy = hay fever or asthma

Question 6

anaphylaxis

Answer 6

systemic, could be fatal, blood pressure drops and airway constricts

Question 7

what happens in type one?

Answer 7

formation of IgE instead of IgA or IgG, IgE binds and activates mast cells (which explode) and that makes histamine

Question 8

sensitization

Answer 8

when empty IgE binds to mast cells

Question 9

asthma

Answer 9

type one, unknown Ag, treated with steroids (reduce swelling), bronchodilators (relax contracted muscle), and combo drugs

Question 10

atopic dermatitis

Answer 10

type one, eczema
Dx: red, dry, itchy, scaly skin
Tx: corticoid steroids

Question 11

incompatible transfusion

Answer 11

type two, antibody binding to RBC, breaks down blood with complement

Question 12

hemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer 12

type two, Rh- mothers with Rh+ fathers, moms antibodies bind to babies blood and break it down
Tx: rhogam

Question 13

drug induced cytotoxic reactions

Answer 13

some molecules act as haptens,

Question 14

immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITCP)

Answer 14

drug induced, type two, destruction of platelets

Dx: easy bruising, bleeding tendencies

Question 15

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer 15

destruction of RBC, drug induced type two
Dx: fatigue, anemia, sore tongue
warm is when IgG attacks RBc from corticosteroids
cold is the IgM and complement coat RBC

Question 16

Arthus reaction

Answer 16

type three, like cellulitis, after booster shots, takes many days to occur

Question 17

serum sickness

Answer 17

type three, after injections, 3-5 days after, lines or veins of red rash and fever but goes away after a week

Question 18

poison ivy

Answer 18

type four, T cells are used when they shouldn’t be, haptens bind to the skin so skin is destroyed

Question 19

allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 19

type four, like poison ivy, haptens bind to the skin so skin is killed, use the third line so memory cells made

Question 20

graft rejection

Answer 20

type four, when CTLs recognize the foreign MHC, slow rejection around 2 weeks

Question 21

SJS/TEN

Answer 21

type four

Dx: flu-like symptoms the painful red or purple rash that spreads and blisters, kills top layer of skin