immunodeficiency

Question 1

autoimmunity

Answer 1

self-reactive cells get out of control, many begin as hypersensitivities one and two

Question 2

How does MHC affect AI?

Answer 2

each persons presents the haptens differently, some will be visible while some will not

Question 3

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 3

body makes antibodies against insulin absorbing cells, possibly can be helped by injection of anti B cell CD20 antibodies

Question 4

multiple sclerosis

Answer 4

CD8 and CD4 T cells attack myelin, deficits in vision, speech, and neuromuscular function

Question 5

myasthenia gravis

Answer 5

antibodies target ACh receptors (nerves), weakening and paralysis of muscle late in the day

Question 6

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Answer 6

antibodies target thyroid hormones

Dx: weight gain, goiter, hair loss in the eyebrows

Question 7

systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 7

antibodies against DNA fragmentation

Dx: butterfly rash across face, arthritis, and kidney failure

Question 8

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 8

antibodies against cartilage, can be helped with NSAIDs

Question 9

Celiac disease

Answer 9

antibodies against gluten

Dx: anti-tTG, IgA EMA, and anti-gliadin, tile floor intestine, can have mouth ulcers and skin rash

Question 10

treat autoimmunity

Answer 10

immune suppression, immunotherapy, immune replacements

Question 11

immunodeficiency

Answer 11

hallmarked by the increased susceptibility to infectious diseases

Question 12

Chronic Granulomatosis Disease

Answer 12

no phagocytic killing (no digesting), form granulomas, lots of purulent infections
Tx: antibiotics and IFN-Y

Question 13

hyper IgE syndrome (jobs syndrome)

Answer 13

only make IgE, infections, dermatitis, bone fragility
Dx: shark teeth
Tx: antibiotics and immunosuppressives

Question 14

SCID

Answer 14

no B or T cells

Question 15

Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia

Answer 15

no B cell maturation, so no antibodies, lots of infections

Question 16

DiGeorge’s syndrome

Answer 16

lack of functional thymus, no T cell maturation

Dx: birth defects, catch 22, cupped ears

Question 17

x-linked hyper IgM syndrome

Answer 17

no class switching, recurring extracellular infections
Tx: bone marrow and IgG therapies

Question 18

common variable immunodeficiency

Answer 18

mutations in antibody heavy chain region, poor antibody responses, lung and intestinal recurrent infections

Question 19

corticosteroids

Answer 19

reduce immune function

Question 20

HIV/AIDs

Answer 20

infects T cells, uses CD4 to enter, has GP41/120 on the capsid, slow death of T cells

Question 21

stages of HIV

Answer 21

stage one: flu-like symptoms a couple weeks after infection, T cell count over 500
Stage 2: more numerous infections, T cell count from 200-500
stage 3: aids, T cells drop below 200, you get rare infections

Question 22

hallmarks of HIV

Answer 22

kaposi's sarcoma: rash from HHV-8
Cell lymphoma (burkitt's): tumors of cells from EBV

Question 23

treatment of HIV

Answer 23

Atripla (combination viral therapy), PrEP and PEP