immunodeficiency Flashcards
autoimmunity
self-reactive cells get out of control, many begin as hypersensitivities one and two
How does MHC affect AI?
each persons presents the haptens differently, some will be visible while some will not
Diabetes mellitus
body makes antibodies against insulin absorbing cells, possibly can be helped by injection of anti B cell CD20 antibodies
multiple sclerosis
CD8 and CD4 T cells attack myelin, deficits in vision, speech, and neuromuscular function
myasthenia gravis
antibodies target ACh receptors (nerves), weakening and paralysis of muscle late in the day
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
antibodies target thyroid hormones
Dx: weight gain, goiter, hair loss in the eyebrows
systemic lupus erythematosus
antibodies against DNA fragmentation
Dx: butterfly rash across face, arthritis, and kidney failure
Rheumatoid arthritis
antibodies against cartilage, can be helped with NSAIDs
Celiac disease
antibodies against gluten
Dx: anti-tTG, IgA EMA, and anti-gliadin, tile floor intestine, can have mouth ulcers and skin rash
treat autoimmunity
immune suppression, immunotherapy, immune replacements
immunodeficiency
hallmarked by the increased susceptibility to infectious diseases
Chronic Granulomatosis Disease
no phagocytic killing (no digesting), form granulomas, lots of purulent infections
Tx: antibiotics and IFN-Y
hyper IgE syndrome (jobs syndrome)
only make IgE, infections, dermatitis, bone fragility
Dx: shark teeth
Tx: antibiotics and immunosuppressives
SCID
no B or T cells
Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia
no B cell maturation, so no antibodies, lots of infections
DiGeorge’s syndrome
lack of functional thymus, no T cell maturation
Dx: birth defects, catch 22, cupped ears
x-linked hyper IgM syndrome
no class switching, recurring extracellular infections Tx: bone marrow and IgG therapies
common variable immunodeficiency
mutations in antibody heavy chain region, poor antibody responses, lung and intestinal recurrent infections
corticosteroids
reduce immune function
HIV/AIDs
infects T cells, uses CD4 to enter, has GP41/120 on the capsid, slow death of T cells
stages of HIV
stage one: flu-like symptoms a couple weeks after infection, T cell count over 500
Stage 2: more numerous infections, T cell count from 200-500
stage 3: aids, T cells drop below 200, you get rare infections
hallmarks of HIV
kaposi's sarcoma: rash from HHV-8 Cell lymphoma (burkitt's): tumors of cells from EBV
treatment of HIV
Atripla (combination viral therapy), PrEP and PEP
