Infections affecting muscle tone

Question 1

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
_________________
Mnetion orgaims causing enecphalitis

Answer 1

HAVRC EHaP
Herpes simplex
Arbovirus
Varicella zoster
Rabies
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein barr
HIV
Post infectious encephlaitis

Question 2

Muscle tone affected by which infesctions

Answer 2

Clostirudium tentani and botulimum

Question 3

Colstirdia are sore forming or not ?
AEROBRS OR anaerobes ?
Habitat ?
Mechanism of action?

Answer 3

Spore forming gram + bacilli
strict anaerobes
In soil and lower intestinal tract of man and animal
________________
has potent exotoxins

Question 4

describe colstirdum tentani

Answer 4

Gram + anaerob spore forming
Motile with no capsule
Sproes giving it the shpae of Drum stick appearance
Appear in soil due to aniimal excreta so maurend lands are contaminated
Cuasing Tetanus !

Question 5

Virelence factor of C,tetani is ?

Answer 5

Tetanospasmin
as it is non invasice but depending on this polypepetide exotoxin

Question 6

describe transmission of tetanus

Answer 6

=Wounds contaminated as in car accidient or gun shot
Vegtative spore loves necrosis + poor blood supply.
=Contaminated umbilical stump causing Tetanus Nenonatorum
=Animal bites

Question 7

describe pathogenisi of tetanus

Answer 7

When the vegtative spres secretres tetanospamsin it trasnmits via peripheral nerves it retrograde transmission to the antreiro horn cells cuasing inhibition of the
Inhibitory transmitters of the synapse (GABA + Glycine )
So the synapse has sustained action so sustained excitation and contraction of the Muscles occur

Question 8

Clinical picture of tetanus ?

Answer 8

-Lock jaw Trismus with Resus sardonicus
-Respiartory failure with high mortality rate

Question 9

Clinical picture of tetanus ?

Answer 9

-Lock jaw Trismus with Resus sardonicus
-Respiartory failure with high
mortality rate
-Spastic body

Question 10

Tetanus speciemis is ……..
Microscopic exam gram =
Cultivation on ,,,,,,,,,,,,,enrichment medium called,,,,,,,,,,, followed by culture on ,,,,,,agar icubated ,,,,,,, for 2-3 days at 37
,,,,,,,Hemolysis colonies due to production of ,,,,,,,, can be further identified by >?
Bicochemical reactions = ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Toxin detection :
Subculture isolated colconies on blood agar conatingin l…………..? aFter an aerobic incubation the hemolysis is ,,,,,,,,

Answer 10

Wound exudate
__________________
gram positive Drumstick bacilli
_______________________
anaerobic robetson cooket meat
blood
anaerobically
____________
Beta - Tetanolysin by gram
_______________________
=no sugar fermentation
=no gelatin liquifaction
_________________________
TETANUS ANTITOXIN
inhibited
___________________________

Question 11

Tratment of tetanus ?

Answer 11

Tetanus antitoxin
Metonidazole or penicillin G
__________________________
RESPIRATORY SUPPORT
_____________________
Dark quiet place

Question 12

Precnetion of tetanus

Answer 12

GIVING DTap
Diphterhia Tetsuns and pertuiss a cellular,,vaccine
In adolesnets and adults Tdap
___________________________
Tentanus toxins is converted to toxoid by? Formaldehyde

Question 13

What to do in cause of trauam ?

Answer 13

Wound must be clened and dbriede from Necrosis + booster
-If grossly conaminated
Tetanus Igs + Toxoid booster
= passive + active immunization
-Penecillin adminstration

Question 14

Clostiridum botulimum:
Gram + anaerobic spore forming
motile + non capsulated
______________________
Oval ……..spore
Casuing ,,,,,,,,,,
Found in .,,,,,,,,,and ,,,,,,,,,

Answer 14

oval subterminal Spores
Botulism
Soil and git of domestic animals

Question 15

Canned food can cauase?

Answer 15

Botulism
due to anaerobic canned food inside contaminated with C.botulim in anaerobic site casuign vegetation of spores and exotoxin release
The highrst risk Smoked fish -green beans -peppers -mushrooms
The toxin is Heat liable inactivated by boiling for several minutes thus disease can be prevented by sufficient cooking

Question 16

BBotulinum nerotoxin types and function

Answer 16

8 serotypes A-H
Man affected by ABE
Neurotoxin is absorebed from gut then hematogenous spread to synapses of peripheral nerves
Irreversible binding to the Preysnaptic nerve ending causing protease activyy on proetins releasing Ach casuing no Ach release and Flaccid palaysis
Respiaroty muscle =death

Question 17

Mention virulence factor of c,botulism ?

Answer 17

Botulinum neuroexotoxin

Question 18

Clinical findings of botulism

Answer 18

Flaccid paralysis and weakness
causing dpilopia dysphagia
respiratory faiulure

Question 19

2 modes of infection for botulism

Answer 19

=Wound infection through vegration of spopres germinating roxins on wounds
=Infant Botulism throth ingestion of sproes on honey geminating in GIT then to blood to synapses causing flaccid paralysis

Question 20

How to confirm botulosm

Answer 20

Speciemen from remenat food or patient blood
-PCR
-Animal pathogenicity injecting mice with the food then if died + botulism then neutralization of toxin with serotypes ABE to identify the serotypes
-ELISA

Question 21

Speciemn for botulism detectin?
Cultivation and entrihcmetn on ?
then subcultureo n ….. ?anerobically 37 for 40 hours
Hemolytic coloes identifded by microscopic film gram stain :?

Answer 21

Food remeant -gastric content by gastric labvage
Robertson cooket meat medium
blood agaet
gram +spore forming bacilli

Question 22

Biochemical reactions of botulimum

Answer 22

G SPH
-Gelatin liqufiation
-Sugar glucose and maltose fermentation
-Proteolysis ABE Strains casuing blackening of Robertso cooked meat
H2s test +

Question 23

Animal pathogenicity by,,,,,injection

Answer 23

Intraperitoneal injection
if died + botulism
then neurralization !

Question 24

Tratment and precention of botulism

Answer 24

Trivvalent anti toxin ABE
+Respiratory support !
_________________________
Sterlilzation
Adequalty cooked
Disaceding swollen cans

Question 25

الحمدلله رب العالمين