Infection & Response: Communicable Disease and Vaccination Flashcards
1
Q
In what ways can diseases be spread?
A
- direct contact - touching contaminated surfaces
- water - drinking or coming into contact with dirty water
- air pathogens can be carried in the air and then breathed in
2
Q
In what ways can spread of disease be reduced?
A
- improving hygiene - hand washing, isolating raw meat
- reducing contact with individuals
- destroying vectors - habitat removal, pesticides, insecticides
- vaccination
3
Q
What is herd immunity?
A
Immunising a large proportion of the population so the spread of the pathogen is greatly reduced.
4
Q
How are antibodies produced upon a secondary infection?
A
- faster
- in higher quantities
- so symptoms aren’t felt as pathogen is destroyed faster
5
Q
What are some disadvantages of vaccination?
A
- not always effective
- can cause bad reactions
6
Q
What do they contain and how does this make a vaccination work?
A
They contain dead or a weakened form of the pathogen stimulating white blood cells to produce specific antibody.
7
Q
What are pathogens?
A
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease.
8
Q
What are 4 types of pathogen?
A
viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi
9
Q
How do viruses make an individual feel ill?
A
- enter cells and reproduce inside them
- this leads to cell bursting and releasing all copies into blood stream
- the damage and destruction of cells makes the individual feel ill
10
Q
How do bacteria make an individual feel ill?
A
They produce toxins that can damage cells.
