Cell Biology: Animal and Plant Cells

Question 1

Are animal and plant cells prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 1

eukaryotes

Question 2

What organelles are in an animal cell?

Answer 2

• mitochondria
• ribosomes
• nucleus
• cytoplasm
• cell membrane

Question 3

What organelles are in a plant cell that aren’t in an animal cell?

Answer 3

• permanent vacuoles
• cell wall
• chloroplasts

Question 4

What are specialised cells?

Answer 4

• cells that have adaptations which help them to carry out a particular function
• when cells become specialised it is known as differentiation

Question 5

What are the 3 specialised animal cells on the spec?

Answer 5

• sperm cell
• nerve cell
• muscle cell

Question 6

What are the 3 specialised plant cells on the spec?

Answer 6

• root hair
• xylem
• phloem

Question 7

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 7

to join with an egg/ovum and fertilise it

Question 8

What is the function of a nerve cell?

Answer 8

send electrical impulses around the body

Question 9

What is the function of a muscle cell?

Answer 9

contraction

Question 10

What is the function of root hair cells?

Answer 10

absorb water and minerals

Question 11

What is the function of xylem cells?

Answer 11

carry water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves

Question 12

What is the function of phloem cells?

Answer 12

carry dissolved sugars up and down the plant

Question 13

What adaptations do sperm cells have?

Answer 13

• contain half the genetic information of a normal adult cell
• have a long tail
• streamlined
• contain lots of mitochondria
• contain enzymes

Question 14

Why are sperm cells streamlined and have a long tail?

Answer 14

to allow them to swim faster

Question 15

Why do sperm cells contain lots of mitochondria?

Answer 15

-to provide energy needed for swimming

Question 16

Why do sperm cells contain enzymes?

Answer 16

allows them to digest their way through the outer layer of the egg

Question 17

How are nerve cells specialised?

Answer 17

• have a long axon
• axon is insulated by myelin
• dendrites (branch out)

Question 18

Why do nerve cells have a long axon?

Answer 18

to carry the electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

Question 19

Why is the axon of a nerve cell insulted by myelin?

Answer 19

to speed up the transmission of impulses

Question 20

Why do nerve cells have synapses?

Answer 20

allows the impulses to pass form one nerve cell to another

Question 21

Why do nerve cells have dendrites (branches out)?

Answer 21

increases the surface area so that other nerve cells can connect more easily

Question 22

How are muscle cells adapted?

Answer 22

• contain protein fibres
• contain lots of mitochondria

Question 23

Why do muscles contain protein fibres?

Answer 23

allows them to change their length

Question 24

Why do muscle fibres contain lots of mitochondria?

Answer 24

provides energy for muscle contraction

Question 25

How are root hair cells adapted?

Answer 25

- have a large surface area - have lots of mitochondria - have thin walls

Question 26

Why do root hair cells have root hairs?

Answer 26

to increase the surface area of the root so that it can absorb more water and dissolved minerals

Question 27

Why do root hair cells not have chloroplasts?

Answer 27

they are underground so no light can be captured for photosynthesis

Question 28

How are xylem cells adapted?

Answer 28

- thick walls strengthened by lignin - the end walls between cells have broken down - no internal structures

Question 29

Why do xylem cells have thick walls that are strengthened by lignin?

Answer 29

provides support to the plant

Question 30

Why are the end walls between cells broken down in xylem cells?

Answer 30

forms a long tube allowing water an dissolved mineral to flow easily

Question 31

Why do xylem cells have no internal structures?

Answer 31

to make out easier for water and minerals to flow

Question 32

How are phloem cells adapted?

Answer 32

- no nucleus - limited cytoplasm - sieve plates - companion cels

Question 33

Why do phloem cells have no nucleus and only limited cytoplasm?

Answer 33

to allow dissolved sugars to move through the cell interior

Question 34

Why do phloem cells have sieve plates at the end walls of the cells?

Answer 34

to allow dissolved sugars to move through the cell interior

Question 35

Why do phloem cells have companion cells?

Answer 35

companion cells contain mitochondria which provide energy to the phloem vessel cell

Question 36

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 36

- controls the activities of the cell - contains DNA/genetic information

Question 37

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 37

Site of aerobic respiration which provides the cell with energy

Question 38

What is the function of the cell membrane>

Answer 38

controls the molecules that can enter and leave the cell

Question 39

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 39

site of chemical reactions

Question 40

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 40

site of protein synthesis

Question 41

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 41

- filled with cell sap - keeps the cell turgid

Question 42

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 42

- strengthens the cell - made from cellulose