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AES Course > Infection Prevention & Control Procedures > Flashcards

Infection Prevention & Control Procedures Flashcards

State the universal precautions and LAS procedures to promote good infection control in all categories of patients.

1
Q

Sporadic

A

Scattered or isolated cases of a disease.

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2
Q

Epidemic:

A

Rapid spread of an infectious disease.

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3
Q

Pandemic:

A

Epidemic which spreads to a large area or world wide.

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4
Q

Endemic:

A

Disease that is always present in certain areas.

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5
Q

Contacts

A

Anyone who has been in contact with the person and may now be infected

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6
Q

Quarantine

A

Time necessary to keep contacts isolated to prevent the spread of infection

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7
Q

Fomites

A

an article that has become contaminated with a biological agent

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8
Q

Immunity

A

The body is able to destroy the agent before onset of symptoms

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9
Q

Incubation period

A

The time between the entry of the biological agent and the onset of symptoms

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10
Q

Vector

A

A carrier, human or animal, especially one which transmits disease

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11
Q

Alimentary canal

A

gastrointestinal tract - things can be absorbed this way

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12
Q

Respiratory tract

A

air way - things can be breathed in this way

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13
Q

Skin & mucosa

A

things can be absorbed this way

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14
Q

Placenta

A

things can be passed form mother to baby this way

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15
Q

Routes of Entry

A 
Inhalation
Ingestion
Inoculation
Fomite
Vectors
Human Carriers (hands)
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16
Q

Basic microbiology

A 
Micro-organisms
Bacteria
Viruses
Pathogenic fungi
Protozoa
Worms
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17
Q

Chain of infection

A 
Infectious agent
Reservoirs
Portal of exit
Means of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
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18
Q

Communicable diseases

A 
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Meningitis
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Meningoccocal Septicaemia
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19
Q

LAS Infectious and Verminous procedure

A

If there is an outbreak of an infectious disease, a specialist in environmental medicine, the medical officer for environmental health will become involved.

They can use wide-ranging powers to help bring the outbreak under control.

20
Q

Notification of certain infectious disease

A

The M.O.E.H (medical officer for environmental health) of the area where the patient is living must be notified by the doctor in charge of the patient.

21
Q

Category 4/hazardous group 4

A

An organism that causes severe human disease and is a serious hazard to laboratory workers. it may present a high risk of spread to the community and there is usually no effective prophylaxis or treatment.

22
Q

Category 4 infectious diseases

A

Rabies
Plague
Smallpox
Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (VHF) including: Lasa, Ebola, Marburg and Crimean/Congo fevers.

23
Q

There are 18 VHF’s but only the four listed (Lasa, Ebola, Marburg and Crimean/Congo fevers.) are included because

A

They are readily capable of person-to-person spread so pose a serious public health risk

They have a high case fatality rate

There are difficulties in their recognition and treatment

24
Q

Category 4 diseases are…

A

Rare in the UK.

More likely to be suspected then confirmed.

25
Q

Category 4 patients get transported to?

A

High Security Infectious Disease Units (HSIDU) by the Hazardous Area Response Team (HART)

26
Q

What can patients be infested with?

A

Scabies
Lice
Fleas

27
Q

Universal precautions basics are?

A

Personal hygiene
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Cleaning & disinfection

28
Q

Influenza precautions PPE

A

FFP2 (basic face mask) non-reuseable

FFP3 (Filtering face piece level 3) re-useable but requires new filters

29
Q

Bare below the elbows means…

A

No wrist watch

Only one wedding band

30
Q

How and when to clean your hands

A

Wear alcohol gel to disinfect hands at the 5 moments of patient care pathway

Wash your hands with soap and water after patient handover at hospital

Remove fleece/coat (or roll up sleeves) to perform adequate hand hygiene

31
Q

The 5 moments for hand hygiene

A
  1. before patient contact
  2. before a clean/aseptic procedure
  3. after body fluid exposure risk
  4. after patient contact
  5. after contact with patient surroundings
32
Q

Personal Protective Equipment (for touching patients)

A 
disposable gloves
disposable plastic apron
disposable face mask
safety eye-wear
pocket mask
33
Q

Gloves should not be worn…

A

unnecessarily
driving to or from a scene
longer then necessary

34
Q

Gloves should be worn for contact with…

A

blood and body fluids
non-intact skin and mucous membranes
sharps or contaminated instruments

35
Q

Gloves should also:

A

only be put on before patient contact
be changed between each patient task
be changed between caring for different patients
be changed as soon as they are contaminated
be discarded as clinical waste

36
Q

contaminated gloves are a risk to…

A

the patient

37
Q

How to minimise transmission of respiratory tract infections

A 
respiratory hygiene & cough etiquette
face mask
good hand hygiene
decontaminate equipment
ensure you have had your flu vaccination
Catch it, Bin it, Kill it
38
Q

peripheral intravenous cannula insertion is a commonly performed procedure and has an associated risk of infection because…

A

of direct microbial entry to the blood stream

39
Q

A minimum of 95% of all patient carrying vehicles will be deep cleaned…

A

every 6 weeks

40
Q

A minimum of 95% of all available vehicles will be…

A

cleaned and re-stocked in a 24 hour period

41
Q

All equipment used for patient treatment should be cleaned using?

A

detergent wipes

42
Q

How often should the trolley bed be wiped over with detergent wipes then air-dryed?

A

after every patient use

43
Q

Cleaning your ambulance

A

wipe everything the patient has been in contact with, equipment/surfaces, using Clinell wipes.

Use Bacticlean spray with blue roll for hard surfaces

44
Q

cleaning your ambulance of small blood and fluid spillage

A

use Clinell Sporicidal Wipes. These are dry wipes activated by contact with body fluid or water and are stored in the ‘infection control kit’. use gloves.

45
Q

cleaning your ambulance of large blood and fluid spillage or if a patient with a possible infective diarrhoea such as norovirus or clostridum difficile.

A

Antibak Powder - wear appropriate PPE, put one tub in a bucket of water. Wipe down surface and mop floor of infected area and allow to dry. THEN use clean water to remove residue.

46
Q

How to use Clinell Spill Wipes (large absorbent pad)

A

They can soak up 1 litre of body fluid.
peracetic acid neutralises harmful pathogens.
THEN 2 Clinell detergent wipes remove and spill stains or residue to complete the clean.

AES Course (28 decks)

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