Infection Prevention & Control Procedures

Question 1

Sporadic

Answer 1

Scattered or isolated cases of a disease.

Question 2

Epidemic:

Answer 2

Rapid spread of an infectious disease.

Question 3

Pandemic:

Answer 3

Epidemic which spreads to a large area or world wide.

Question 4

Endemic:

Answer 4

Disease that is always present in certain areas.

Question 5

Contacts

Answer 5

Anyone who has been in contact with the person and may now be infected

Question 6

Quarantine

Answer 6

Time necessary to keep contacts isolated to prevent the spread of infection

Question 7

Fomites

Answer 7

an article that has become contaminated with a biological agent

Question 8

Immunity

Answer 8

The body is able to destroy the agent before onset of symptoms

Question 9

Incubation period

Answer 9

The time between the entry of the biological agent and the onset of symptoms

Question 10

Vector

Answer 10

A carrier, human or animal, especially one which transmits disease

Question 11

Alimentary canal

Answer 11

gastrointestinal tract - things can be absorbed this way

Question 12

Respiratory tract

Answer 12

air way - things can be breathed in this way

Question 13

Skin & mucosa

Answer 13

things can be absorbed this way

Question 14

Placenta

Answer 14

things can be passed form mother to baby this way

Question 15

Routes of Entry

Answer 15

Inhalation
Ingestion
Inoculation
Fomite
Vectors
Human Carriers (hands)

Question 16

Basic microbiology

Answer 16

Micro-organisms
Bacteria
Viruses
Pathogenic fungi
Protozoa
Worms

Question 17

Chain of infection

Answer 17

Infectious agent
Reservoirs
Portal of exit
Means of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

Question 18

Communicable diseases

Answer 18

Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Meningitis
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Meningoccocal Septicaemia

Question 19

LAS Infectious and Verminous procedure

Answer 19

If there is an outbreak of an infectious disease, a specialist in environmental medicine, the medical officer for environmental health will become involved.

They can use wide-ranging powers to help bring the outbreak under control.

Question 20

Notification of certain infectious disease

Answer 20

The M.O.E.H (medical officer for environmental health) of the area where the patient is living must be notified by the doctor in charge of the patient.

Question 21

Category 4/hazardous group 4

Answer 21

An organism that causes severe human disease and is a serious hazard to laboratory workers. it may present a high risk of spread to the community and there is usually no effective prophylaxis or treatment.

Question 22

Category 4 infectious diseases

Answer 22

Rabies
Plague
Smallpox
Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (VHF) including: Lasa, Ebola, Marburg and Crimean/Congo fevers.

Question 23

There are 18 VHF’s but only the four listed (Lasa, Ebola, Marburg and Crimean/Congo fevers.) are included because

Answer 23

They are readily capable of person-to-person spread so pose a serious public health risk

They have a high case fatality rate

There are difficulties in their recognition and treatment

Question 24

Category 4 diseases are…

Answer 24

Rare in the UK.

More likely to be suspected then confirmed.

Question 25

Category 4 patients get transported to?

Answer 25

High Security Infectious Disease Units (HSIDU) by the Hazardous Area Response Team (HART)

Question 26

What can patients be infested with?

Answer 26

Scabies Lice Fleas

Question 27

Universal precautions basics are?

Answer 27

Personal hygiene Personal protective equipment (PPE) Cleaning & disinfection

Question 28

Influenza precautions PPE

Answer 28

FFP2 (basic face mask) non-reuseable | FFP3 (Filtering face piece level 3) re-useable but requires new filters

Question 29

Bare below the elbows means...

Answer 29

No wrist watch | Only one wedding band

Question 30

How and when to clean your hands

Answer 30

Wear alcohol gel to disinfect hands at the 5 moments of patient care pathway Wash your hands with soap and water after patient handover at hospital Remove fleece/coat (or roll up sleeves) to perform adequate hand hygiene

Question 31

The 5 moments for hand hygiene

Answer 31

1. before patient contact 2. before a clean/aseptic procedure 3. after body fluid exposure risk 4. after patient contact 5. after contact with patient surroundings

Question 32

Personal Protective Equipment (for touching patients)

Answer 32

``` disposable gloves disposable plastic apron disposable face mask safety eye-wear pocket mask ```

Question 33

Gloves should not be worn...

Answer 33

unnecessarily driving to or from a scene longer then necessary

Question 34

Gloves should be worn for contact with...

Answer 34

blood and body fluids non-intact skin and mucous membranes sharps or contaminated instruments

Question 35

Gloves should also:

Answer 35

only be put on before patient contact be changed between each patient task be changed between caring for different patients be changed as soon as they are contaminated be discarded as clinical waste

Question 36

contaminated gloves are a risk to...

Answer 36

the patient

Question 37

How to minimise transmission of respiratory tract infections

Answer 37

``` respiratory hygiene & cough etiquette face mask good hand hygiene decontaminate equipment ensure you have had your flu vaccination Catch it, Bin it, Kill it ```

Question 38

peripheral intravenous cannula insertion is a commonly performed procedure and has an associated risk of infection because...

Answer 38

of direct microbial entry to the blood stream

Question 39

A minimum of 95% of all patient carrying vehicles will be deep cleaned...

Answer 39

every 6 weeks

Question 40

A minimum of 95% of all available vehicles will be...

Answer 40

cleaned and re-stocked in a 24 hour period

Question 41

All equipment used for patient treatment should be cleaned using?

Answer 41

detergent wipes

Question 42

How often should the trolley bed be wiped over with detergent wipes then air-dryed?

Answer 42

after every patient use

Question 43

Cleaning your ambulance

Answer 43

wipe everything the patient has been in contact with, equipment/surfaces, using Clinell wipes. Use Bacticlean spray with blue roll for hard surfaces

Question 44

cleaning your ambulance of small blood and fluid spillage

Answer 44

use Clinell Sporicidal Wipes. These are dry wipes activated by contact with body fluid or water and are stored in the 'infection control kit'. use gloves.

Question 45

cleaning your ambulance of large blood and fluid spillage or if a patient with a possible infective diarrhoea such as norovirus or clostridum difficile.

Answer 45

Antibak Powder - wear appropriate PPE, put one tub in a bucket of water. Wipe down surface and mop floor of infected area and allow to dry. THEN use clean water to remove residue.

Question 46

How to use Clinell Spill Wipes (large absorbent pad)

Answer 46

They can soak up 1 litre of body fluid. peracetic acid neutralises harmful pathogens. THEN 2 Clinell detergent wipes remove and spill stains or residue to complete the clean.