Infection & Microbiology

Question 1

Sterilisation

Answer 1

1. Total destruction of MO & their spores
2. Extreme cleanliness
3. Destroys living MO & their resistant strcutres
4. Food, medicine & surgical instruments

Question 2

Difference between virus & bacteria

Answer 2

Bacteria:
1. Single celled organism
2. Does not need host to survive
3. Can be killed w antibiotics
4. Can multiply & grow on its own

Virus
1. Very small organisms
2. Need a host to survive
3. Can’t be killed x antibiotics
4. To multiply: reprogram healthy cells to create more viruses

Question 3

How can infectious diseases be transmitted

Answer 3

A.C.C.V
1. Air (fine particles; aerosols; dust particles)
2. Contact (direct, indirect, droplets
3. Common vehicle (water, blood, food)
4. Vectors (animals)

Question 4

Benefits of normal flora

Answer 4

P.E.A.S
1. Prevent other pathogens from colonising
2. Excrete vitamins
3. Antagonize other pathogens
4. Stimulate the development of the immune system

Question 5

Nosocomial 3 x contributing factors

Answer 5

1. Compromised host (broken skin, age, suppressed immune system, impaired cell activity
2. Microorganisms in hospital (hospitals are large reservoirs for pathogens that are opportunistic & can be resistant to antibiotics)
3. Chain of Transmission
   - Portal of entry
   - portal of exit
   - susceptible host
   - reservoirs
   - mode of transmission
   - infectious agent

Question 6

Disinfection

Answer 6

1. Kills bacteria & pathogens
2. Adequate cleanliness
3. Destroys living organisms
4. Decontaminates surfaces & air