Cell Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Describe Flagella
A
Longer than cilia; propel whole cells
2
Q
Describe Cilia
A
Short hair-like projections that move substances across the cell
3
Q
Describe Microvilli
A
Finger-like extensions; increase the surface area for absorption
4
Q
Function of Plasma membrane
A
- Mechanical barrier
- Selectively permeable
- Cell-to-cell communication & recognition
- Cell signaling
- Electrochemical gradient
5
Q
Nucleus
A
- Stores genetic material (required for protein synthesis).
- Double membraned - inner maintains shape, outer flows through to R.E.R
6
Q
Mitochondria
A
- Powerhouse of cell
- Produces ATP
- Has its own DNA
- Double-membraned
- Glucose + O2 + ADP –> ATP + water + CO2
7
Q
Golgi Apparatus
A
- Modifies and packages proteins
- Packages either leave the cell, OR used in plasma membrane OR used as lysosomes (enzymes)
8
Q
Ribosomes
A
- Site of protein synthesis
- float freely or attached to R.E.R
9
Q
Lysosome
A
- Spherical bags containing digestive enzymes
- Digest bacteria/viruses and non-functional organelles
- Destroy cells, break down glycogen
10
Q
Describe Transcription
A
- First step of protein synthesis
- DNA converted to mRNA, occurs in nucleus
11
Q
Describe Translation
A
- mRNA leaves nucleus & binds to a ribosome.
- ribsomes translate genetic information to a protein with a specific AA sequence
12
Q
Peroxisome
A
Oxidases & catalases to detoxify harmful substances
13
Q
What is a cell
A
- Smallest living unit
- structural & functional unit of life
14
Q
Integral protein function
A
Transport proteins, enzymes or receptors
15
Q
Peripheral protein function
A
Enzymes, cell-to-cell communication
