Biochemistry

Question 1

Protein Functions

Answer 1

1. Structure (provides structure & support)
2. Storage (provides AA for growth)
3. Contractile (helps movement)
4. Transport (helps transport substances)
5. Enzymes (catalyse reactions)

Question 2

Examples of Proteins

Answer 2

Lactase (Enzyme - anything ending in ‘ase’)
Hemoglobin (transport protein)

Question 3

Carbohydrate Functions

Answer 3

1. Dietary energy
2. Stored energy (glycogen)
3. Made of C + H + O
4. Important for cell function
5. Used in components for other biomolecules
6. Cell recognition and communication

Question 4

Examples of Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)
Disaccharides (Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose)
Polysaccharides (Glycogen, starch)

Question 5

Lipid Function

Answer 5

1. Fats
2. Long term energy
3. Hormones (steroids)

Question 6

Examples of Lipids

Answer 6

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids (cholesterol, Vit D)

Question 7

Nucleic Acid Functions

Answer 7

Information storage

Question 8

Examples of Nucleic Acids

Answer 8

DNA, RNA

Question 9

What is a nucleotide made of?

Answer 9

1. A pentose sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
2. A phosphate group
3. A nitrogenous base

Question 10

Enzyme Process

Answer 10

1. Substrates bind to active site. Enzyme changes shape to hold substrates in proper position.
2. ES Complex undergoes internal rearrangements to form product (catalysis occurs) (energy is absorbed, bond is formed).
   3, Product is release. Enzyme returns to original shape, and is available to catalyze another reaction.

Question 11

Factors critical for enzyme function

Answer 11

1. Body temperature
2. pH levels
3. Enzyme & substrate concentrations
   To avoid denaturation

Question 12

What is a pH

Answer 12

Measure of the free hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 13

Why is pH importatn

Answer 13

Blood operates within a small margin 7.35 - 7.45 - anything outside of this can cause denaturation, biological disfunction, coma, death, etc.

Question 14

4 x types of lipids

Answer 14

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Eicosanoids

Question 15

Differences between DNA & RNA

Answer 15

1. Size: Double stranded & single stranded
2. Location: DNA inside nucleus, RNA inside & outside of nucleus
3. Protein synthesis: DNA holds synthesis instructions, RNA controls immediate steps
4. Random: DNA replicates itself before mitosis, 3 x types of RNA