Infection Control

Question 1

_____ is ultimately responsible for health, the Fire & EMS Department recognizes a responsibility to provide a safe working environment.

Answer 1

Each employee

Question 2

The ____ is in charge of the Department Health Maintenance Program. This program provides baseline and annual physical and return-to-work determinations.

Answer 2

Medical Director

Question 3

An infectious microorganism able to form within a living cell is known as a ____

Answer 3

Virus

Question 4

A Disease producing organisms. Is known as a

Answer 4

Pathogen

Question 5

The organism from which a parasite or infectious agent obtains its nourishment. Is considered the ___.

Answer 5

Host

Question 6

A microorganism capable of causing disease, is known as___

Answer 6

Bacteria

Question 7

_____ Is a protein that is formed in response to an antigen that has been administered parentally or has otherwise gained access to the body.

Answer 7

Antibody

Question 8

Foreign material against which antibodies are made.
An example is a microorganism or a protein such as a vaccine. Are ____.

Answer 8

Antigen

Question 9

_____ shall evaluate and investigate the circumstances surrounding incidents of exposure to blood, other body fluids, or potentially infectious material. Medical follow-up, documentation, record keeping, and confidentiality requirements shall be implemented and monitored by them.

Answer 9

The infection control office

Question 10

The Police & Fire Clinic is responsible for maintaining medical record, These records shall be kept CONFIDENTIAL, and must be maintained for at least the duration of employment plus ____.

Answer 10

30 years

Question 11

The Deputy Fire Chief, Training shall ensure that training is provided at the time of initial assignment and/or within 30 days to tasks where occupational exposure may occur, and that it shall be repeated within _____ of previous training.

Answer 11

twelve (12) months

Question 12

_____ shall be responsible for maintaining and keeping the training records.
Training records shall be maintained for ____ from the date of training.

Answer 12

The Infection Control Office;
three (3) years

Question 13

Sharps containers are to be sealed and taped shut when ____ full.
Can they be disposed of in the medical waste container?

Answer 13

¾ full
Yes ; “They may be disposed of in the medical waste container.”

Question 14

Other contaminated materials will be stored in leak proof bags with appropriate biohazard markings and color coding in a_____color.

Answer 14

red

Question 15

If outside contamination of a disposal bag is a possibility, a second bag with identical markings will _____.

Answer 15

be placed over the first.

Question 16

All linen used for patient transport is considered potentially contaminated. Contaminated linen is ___ to be washed in station laundry facilities.

Answer 16

Contaminated linen is to be left at the medical facility receiving the patient.

Question 17

It is recommended that thermometers should be kept in all refrigerators and freezers.
Refrigerators should maintain a temperature of ____.
freezers should maintain a temperature of _____.
Temperatures should be checked on a ___ basis.

Answer 17

Refrigerators 38 degrees Fahrenheit or below

Freezers 0 degrees Fahrenheit or below

Checked daily

Question 18

Food left at room temperature for a short period of time can be safely consumed after reheating. Reheating should be done at 140º F for at least _____ to ensure bacteria are destroyed.

Answer 18

20 minutes

Question 19

Disposable hand-drying materials should be used. Cloth towels ____ be used.

Answer 19

should not

Question 20

Bathrooms shall be cleaned ____.

Answer 20

daily.

Question 21

Medical waste will be removed from all stations the ____ of each month. Stations producing more than ___boxes per month will require extra pick ups and will be scheduled as needed

Answer 21

second week of each month .

3boxes

Question 22

During _____ inspections, Battalion Fire Chiefs shall monitor the number of medical waste boxes in each facility assigned to their battalion. If ____ boxes are present the Infection Control Office is to be notified.

Answer 22

weekly inspections

two or more

Question 23

In compliance with Federal regulation prior to being picked up each box must be taped securely. How should boxes be taped?

Answer 23

The bottom of the box is to be taped covering all seams.

The red biohazard bag is to be placed in the box.

When the box is approximately ¾ full the red bag is to be closed by twisting the top of the red bag, doubling it over and taping it shut.

The cardboard box is to be taped securely

Boxes must not be wet or leaking.

Sharps containers if sealed and taped may be place in the medical waste box.

Question 24

May a responder may decline to use part or all required PPE?

Answer 24

Under rare and extraordinary circumstances, ‘
a responder may decline to use part or all required PPE if it is in the employee’s professional judgment that in the specific single incident its use would have prevented the delivery of healthcare or posed an increased hazard to the safety of the worker or co-worker.

When the employee makes this judgment, the circumstances shall be investigated and documented in order to determine whether changes can be instituted to prevent such occurrences in the future.

Question 25

Situations that would require Masks in combination with eye protection devices include _____.

Answer 25

intubation,
profuse arterial bleeding,
coughing,
vomiting, and
delivering a child.

Question 26

In the event of suspected meningitis, measles, small pox, or chicken pox (varicella zoster) patient,
an ____ should be placed on the responder,
and at minimum, a ___ on the patient.

Answer 26

N-95 mask should be placed on the responder
surgical mask on the patient.

Question 27

_____ shall be worn by responders and the patient when a patient is suspected or known to have a disease transmitted by airborne droplets.

Answer 27

Standard surgical masks

Question 28

Contaminated PPE (turnout coats, pants, gloves, and hoods) will be washed in one of the commercial gear washers found at ____.

Answer 28

TA———— sw
E-11——— nw
E-12 ———ne
E-15———-se

Question 29

The washing machine shall be rinsed with a cup ____ after clothing is removed from machine.

Answer 29

of bleach

Question 30

Boots will be scrubbed with _____ to remove contaminants. If contaminated with blood, body fluids, or other foreign material, wash the soles of footwear at the medical incident or as soon as possible.

Answer 30

soap and hot water

Question 31

The blood, body fluids, and tissues of all patients are considered ____ and Standard Precautions procedures will be used for all patient contact.

Answer 31

potentially infectious,

Question 32

____ is the most important infection control procedure.

Answer 32

Hand washing

Question 33

Hand washing with soap and water will be performed for a time of _____.

Answer 33

ten to fifteen seconds

Question 34

If soap and water is not available at scene, ____shall be used, provided that a soap and water wash is performed ___ upon return to quarters or upon arrival at
the hospital.

Answer 34

a waterless hand cleaner or hand wipe ; immediately

Question 35

Smoking, eating, handling contact lenses,applying cosmetics or lip balm is ___ at the scene of any emergency, other than in designated Re-Hab areas.

Answer 35

prohibited

Question 36

Needles will not be ____.

Answer 36

recapped,
re sheathed,
bent,
broken, or
separated from disposable syringes

Or handed off for disposal

Question 37

Sharps are to be disposed of by _____.

Answer 37

the member starting the IV, obtaining blood or giving the injection. Used sharps are never to be handed to some one else for disposal.

Question 38

_____ resuscitation will be performed only as a last resort if no other equipment is available. All employees are issued pocket masks with one-way valves to minimize the need for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Disposable equipment shall be kept readily available during on-scene operations.

Answer 38

Mouth-to-mask

Question 39

How are patients with suspected airborne communicable diseases supposed to be transported?

Answer 39

wearing a face mask whenever possible.

Ambulance windows will be open

ventilation systems turned on full whenever possible to circulate the air in the patient compartment.

Question 40

Prior to transporting a patient with respiratory symptoms, the door between the driver and the patient compartment should be ____.
If the vehicle does not have a barrier between the cab and the patient compartment, the driver and front seat passenger should____.

Answer 40

closed;

should also wear surgical masks

Question 41

No medical information will be released on scene. Inquiries from media, public, family, and law enforcement officers will be referred to _____.
Patient confidentiality will be maintained at all times.

Answer 41

the Department Public Information Officer.

Question 42

At the conclusion of on-scene operations, _____will remove all contaminated patient care equipment and supplies for appropriate disposal or decontamination and reuse.

Answer 42

the last remaining Fire and/or EMS response unit

Question 43

Sharps containers will be closed and placed in a bio-hazard disposal area when ____; then a new sharps container will then be placed on the unit.

Answer 43

three-fourths full (3/4).

Question 44

Environmental surfaces that have become soiled with blood or body fluids must be cleaned and disinfected using an approved disinfectant/decontaminant cleaner or a 1:10 solution of bleach (one part ___ and nine parts ___). If using the bleach solution, do not mix the bleach with any other type of cleaning/disinfecting agent.

Answer 44

1:10 solution of bleach
(one part bleach and nine parts water).

Question 45

Durable equipment ( backboards, splints, and reeves stretchers) & Delicate equipment ( radios, cardiac monitors, etc.) will be washed with_____, rinsed with clean water, and disinfected with an approved disinfectant or 1:10 bleach solution. Equipment will be allowed to air dry.

Answer 45

washed with hot soapy water

Question 46

In a multi- trauma situation the member could be rendering aid to more than one patient. The possibility exists for the potential to transmit an infectious disease to other patients. The provider will _____.

Answer 46

either put on several layers of gloves or
carry extra gloves to change between patients.

Question 47

The 5 Body fluids known to be infectious:

Answer 47

• Blood
• Any fluid visibly contaminated with blood
• Semen
• Vaginal secretions
• Breast milk

Question 48

The 6 Body fluids known NOT to be infectious (if not visibly bloody):

Answer 48

• Tears
• Saliva
• Urine
• Feces
• Sweat
• Emesis / vomitt

Question 49

Any member exposed to potentially infectious material will immediately ____. No matter what the provider has been exposed to, IMMEDIATE cleaning of the exposure site should be the 1st priority.

Answer 49

wash the exposed area with soap and water

Question 50

Eyes should be irrigated with at least a ___ of normal saline.

Answer 50

liter

Question 51

Any employee having an occupational communicable disease exposure or needle stick injury will immediately report the exposure to ____.

Answer 51

the company officer and the infection control officer.

before the completion of the shift ,will fill out a communicable disease exposure report (F&EMSD Form # IC 1 & F&EMSD Form 44.)

Question 52

The____will____ deliver the exposure packet to the infection control office prior to end of shift.

Answer 52

The Battalion Fire Chief will hand deliver

Question 53

The responder should be given a tetanus shot if one has not been given in the last ____.

Answer 53

10 years.

Question 54

The Infection Control Program will be re-evaluated at least ____ by the Infection Control Committee to ensure that the program is both appropriate and effective.

Answer 54

annually

Question 55

____is a contagious disease of animals caused by influenza viruses that normally infect only birds and, less commonly, pigs. Highly species specific.

Answer 55

Avian influenza, or “bird flu,”

Question 56

____is a type of bacteria that lives in human and animal intestines, usually as part of normal flora.

Answer 56

Clostridium difficile

Question 57

____is probably the most common illness known. The first signs, include sneezing, scratchy throat, and runny nose. Although it’s usually mild, with symptoms lasting 1 to 2 weeks, it is a leading cause of doctor visits and missed days from school and work. People in the United States suffer 1 billion colds each year, according to some estimates. Symptoms usually begin 2 to 3 days after infection. can last from 2 to 14 days, but most people recover in a week.

Answer 57

The Common cold

Question 58

Children have about ____ colds a year.

Answer 58

6 to 10

Question 59

____is a respiratory infection caused by influenza A viruses. The present outbreak of what is popularly called swine flu involves a new type A influenza strain that is a genetic combination of swine, avian and human influenza viruses. It can spread easily from human to human. Symptoms, which could last up to a week, are similar to those of seasonal flu. True swine flu ordinarily causes illness in pigs. Pig-to-human transmission is unusual, and human-to-human transmission of true swine flu is also possible but infrequent.

Answer 59

H1N1

Question 60

____is an acute liver disease caused by the virus (HAV), lasting from a few weeks to several months. It does not lead to chronic infection.Most persons with acute disease
recover with no lasting damage.And is rarely fatal. Ingestion of fecal matter, even in microscopic amounts, from close person-to-person contact or ingestion of contaminated food or drinks.

Answer 60

HEPATITIS A

Question 61

____is a liver disease caused by the. It ranges in severity from a mild illness, lasting a few weeks (acute), to a serious long-term (chronic) illness that can lead to liver disease or liver cancer. Contact with infectious blood, semen, and other body fluids from having sex with an infected person, sharing contaminated needles to inject drugs, or from an infected mother to her newborn.

Answer 61

HEPATITIS B

Question 62

____is a liver disease caused by the HCV infection sometimes results in an acute illness, but most often becomes a chronic condition that can lead to cirrhosis
of the liver and liver cancer. Contact with the blood of an infected person, primarily through sharing contaminated needles to inject drugs. no vaccine

Answer 62

Hepatitis C

Question 63

_____can cause meningitis and septic shock. These bacteria can be found in the respiratory tracts of approximately 10% of people and are spread person-to-person in small droplets of saliva or nasal secretions (droplet spread). Most people with these bacteria in their respiratory tract will not develop the disease. Meningitis is an infection of the fluid of the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain.

Answer 63

Meningococcal Meningitis / Neisseria meningitides

Question 64

Approximately ____% of healthy people carry Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) on their skin or in their nose. Sometimes, staph causes an infection. Staph bacteria are the most common causes of skin infections in the United States. Infections caused by staph can appear as pimples, boils, and abscesses, staph infections may also be mistaken for bites from insects or spiders. Sometimes, staph can cause more severe infections inside the body.

Answer 64

25-30 %

Question 65

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of staph that is resistant to certain antibiotics. Overuse of antibiotics and the use of more powerful drugs than necessary for less serious infections may be some of the causes of the development of MRSA. Approximately ____% of people carry MRSA on their skin or in their nose. Infections caused by MRSA, for the most part, are not different from any other staph infection, although some strains of MRSA may be more aggressive than regular staph.

Answer 65

1-2%

Question 66

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
is a viral respiratory illness caused by a ___ called ____.

Answer 66

coronavirus;

SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).

Question 67

The main way that SARS seems to spread is by close person-to-person contact. The virus that causes SARS is thought to be transmitted most readily by respiratory droplets (droplet spread) produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet spread can happen when droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person are propelled a short distance of _____feet through the air and are deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of persons who are nearby.

Answer 67

generally up to 3 feet)

Question 68

_____ bacteria is normally found in the intestines and rarely causes any problems. not very harmful unless it invades other areas of the body such as the urinary tract or circulatory system. It’s an antibiotic that is often used to treat infections caused by enterococci. This is typically found in hospitalized patients or those in skilled nursing facilities. The bacteria are spread by direct contact with a patient’s feces.

Answer 68

Vancomycin- Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Question 69

______ is transmitted by mosquitoes. Patients infected with virus may not experience any signs or symptoms or may only experience minor ones such as a skin rash and headache. However, some patients who become infected with virus develop a life-threatening illness that includes inflammation of the brain. In the United States, wild birds, especially crows and jays, are the main reservoir of virus, but the virus is actually spread by certain species of mosquitoes.

Answer 69

WEST NILE DISEASE /
West Nile virus

Question 70

____that usually attacks the lungs, but can attack almost any part of the body. spread from person to person through the air. Was once a leading cause of death in the U.S.,

Answer 70

Tuberculosis (often called TB)
Caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 71

Not everyone infected with tuberculosis bacteria becomes sick. People who are not sick have what is called _____. People who have it do not feel sick, do not have any symptoms, and cannot spread tuberculosis to others. Some people may develop active tuberculosis disease.

Answer 71

latent tuberculosis infection

Question 72

Policy and Procedure for Occupational Exposure to Tuberculosis (TB): An updated plan shall be in place by what date_____ to reflect changes in the aforementioned requirements and to identify newly approved instructional programs covered by this policy.

Answer 72

September 1 of each year

Question 73

An occupational exposure to tuberculosis is defined as____.

Answer 73

“exposure to the inhaled or expired air of a person with confirmed or suspected TB disease, exposure to a high-hazard procedure or an individual with suspected or confirmed TB disease and with the potential to generate potentially infectious airborne respiratory secretions.”

Question 74

A diagnosis of tuberculosis should be considered in any patient with a persistent cough (>2 weeks duration) or other signs and symptoms compatible with tuberculosis such as complaints of bloody sputum, night sweats, weight loss, anorexia or fever. All patients with signs and symptoms of tuberculosis should be ask to___ and the responder should ___until active tuberculosis is ruled out.

Answer 74

asked to wear a simple surgical face mask,
the responder should use an N-95 respirator until active tuberculosis is ruled out

Question 75

New employees will have a PPD prior to emergency medical technician school or hospital rotations. The PPD will be placed and read the Infection Control Officer or designated provider. The PPD is to be read between ___ hours after injection. New employees will have second PPD __ after the initial PPD.

Answer 75

48 and 72 hours

10 days

Question 76

Employees with positive PPD will complete and submit an _____ PPD Health Screening form to the Infection Control Officer for evaluation.

Answer 76

annual PPD Health Screening

Question 77

It is mandatory that all employees have a PPD done at least ____.

Answer 77

once a year.

Question 78

PPD skin testing will be repeated on all exposed persons with negative baseline tests at __weeks after the exposure.

Answer 78

10-12 weeks

Question 79

Employees will receive a written opinion from the Infection Control Officer within ___ of the completion of all medical evaluations pertaining to an exposure incident.

Answer 79

15 days

Question 80

Before transporting infected items from a scene or hospital to a designated cleaning area, contaminated equipment will be placed in___.

Answer 80

a red biohazard bag.

Question 81

After removal of visible material, decontaminate the area with department approved disinfectant/decontaminant cleaner (Right Guard or equivalent), following the manufacturer’s instructions (for Right Guard, add 6 ounces of disinfectant to one gallon of water). Allow a ____ contact time and allow to air dry.

Answer 81

10 minute contact time

Question 82

Decontamination will be accomplished by soaking the equipment in an approved disinfectant decontaminant cleaner (Wavacide or equivalent) for ____ in an enclosed container. Isopropyl alcohol (70%) may be used if an approved disinfectant/decontaminant cleaner is not available. Rinse equipment with water and allow to air dry.

Answer 82

45 minutes

Question 83

Disposable Equipment: medical equipment identified below is NOT to be re-used, and is to be disposed of as contaminated waste. Examples are:

Answer 83

Head immobilizer/C-collars
Blankets
Plastic sheets
Obstetric (OB) kits
Gloves, masks, sleeves, gowns
Intubation tubes, oral airways, nasal airways
Intravenous (IV) catheters
Interosseous (IO) catheters
Intravenous (IV) tubing
Intravenous (IV) fluids
Bandaging materials, splints

Question 84

BLS equipment will be checked ___ for cleanliness and readiness.

Answer 84

daily

Question 85

Oxygen/EMS Kits - Bags or boxes shall have all surfaces cleaned with soap and water. Dirt and debris will be removed and contents will be _____.

Answer 85

orderly and not overstocked.

Question 86

Medical waste containers are only to be used for the following items:

Answer 86

1. Examination gloves
2. Face masks and N-95 respirators
3. Soiled gauze
4. Bloody dressings
5. Nasal cannulas
6. IV tubing
7. Closed and sealed sharps containers
8. Any item soiled with blood or body fluids

Question 87

Fire stations without washers and dryers have been paired with stations that have facilities. Take care to ensure that soiled stationwear and PPE does not contaminate clean areas of facilities, apparatus, or other employees. All soiled garments shall be transported in ___ to reduce confusion about the management of medical waste. Trash bags shall be placed into a “red” bag for disposal with medical waste.

Answer 87

regular trash bags

Question 88

FACILITY WITHOUT EQUIPMENT WHERE TO REPORT

Answer 88

FACILITY WITHOUT EQUIPMENT WHERE TO REPORT
Engine 5 Engine 1
Engine 6 Engine 3
Engine 8 Engine 18
Engine 10 Engine 12
Engine 14 Engine 17
Engine 19 Engine 15
Engine 22 Engine 24
Engine 27 Engine 15
Engine 29 Engine 11
Engine 30 Engine 15
Engine 31 Engine 11
Engine 33 Engine 25
Fire Boat Engine 7

Question 89

Station wear and PPE contaminated with blood, body fluids or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) shall be decontaminated as soon as possible at a _____.

Answer 89

department facility.

Question 90

Contaminated clothing, including turnouts, will be changed as soon as possible and washed in ___.

Answer 90

detergent and water as recommended by the manufacturer.