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Microbiology > Infection Biology > Flashcards

Infection Biology Flashcards

0
Q

Cause disease only in immunocompromised people

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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1
Q

Microbes that can cause disease

A

Pathogens

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2
Q

Measure of a microbe’s ability to cause disease

A

Virulence

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3
Q

Number of organisms required to cause disease in 50% of the population

A

ID50 Infective Dose 50

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4
Q

Mediates attachment of bacteria

A

Pili

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5
Q

Mediates strong adherence to the surface of human cells

A

Glycocalyx

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6
Q

Surface proteins that mediate binding to endothelium and to extracellular proteins such as fibronectin

A

Curli

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7
Q

Accelerates formation of a fibrin clot coating the organisms with a layer of fibrin

A

Coagulase

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8
Q

Helps spread through subcutaneous tissue

A

Collagenase and Hyaluronidase

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9
Q

Destroys both neutrophilic leukocytes and macrophages

A

Leukocidin

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10
Q

Enumerate bacteria with IgA Protease

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria Meningitidis Neisseria Gonorrhea SHiNe My Gong

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11
Q

Protects against phagocytosis

A

Polysaccharide capsule

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12
Q

Anticapsular antibodies allow more effective phagocytosis to occur

A

Opsonization

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13
Q

Cell wall protein of S. pyogenes that is antiphagocytic

A

M protein

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14
Q

Cell wall protein of S. aureus that prevents complement activation

A

Protein A

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15
Q

Gram positive and negative bacteria Secreted from the cell Polypeptide Genes located in the plasmid or bacteriophage High toxicity High antigenicity Can be used as vaccines Destroyed rapidly at 60C

A

Exotoxins

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16
Q

Gram negative bacteria Not secreted from the cell Lipopolysaccharide Genes are found in the bacterial chromosome Low toxicity Low antigenicity No vaccine available Stable at 100C for an hour

A

Endotoxins

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17
Q

What kind of toxins does tetanus and botulism exhibit A) Endotoxin B) Exotoxin

A

B) Exotoxin

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18
Q

What kind of toxins does meningococcemia exhibit A) Endotoxin B) Exotoxin

A

A) Endotoxin

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19
Q

Polypeptides secreted by certain bacteria that alter specific cell functions resulting in the symptoms of disease

A

Exotoxin

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20
Q

The ONLY exotoxin secreting bacteria that is heat-labile

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

21
Q

Inhibits elongation of factor II Basically, inhibits protein synthesis

A

ADP ribosylation

22
Q

Located in the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria

A

Lipopolysaccharides

23
Q

The toxic component of lipopolysaccharides

A

Lipid A

24
Q

1) induces the overproduction of cytokines like TNF and IL1 2) activates the complement cascade 3) activates the coagulation cascade resulting in DIC

A

Lipid A

25
Q

All bacteria have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan EXCEPT

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Sterol instead of peptidoglycan)

26
Q

All gram-positive bacteria have NO endotoxin EXCEPT

A

Listeria monocytogenes

27
Q

All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide EXCEPT

A

Bacillus anthracis

28
Q

Gram positive cocci Determines pattern of hemolysis

A

Blood agar

29
Q

Enteric gram negative rods Selects against gram positive bacteria Differentiates between lactose fermenters and nonfermenters

A

MacConkey Eosin-methylene blue

30
Q

Distinguishes lactose fermenters from nonfermenters Distinguishes H2S producers from nonproducers

A

Triple sugar iron (TSI)

31
Q

Agar used for Clostridium perfringens

A

Egg yolk

32
Q

Agar used for Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Tellurite

33
Q

Agar used for group D streptococci

A

Bile esculin

34
Q

Agar used for staphylococci

A

Mannitol salts

35
Q

Agar used for N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae from STERILE sites

A

Chocolate

36
Q

Agar used for N. gonorrhoeae from NONSTERILE sites

A

Thayer-Martin

37
Q

Agar used for Haemophilus influenzae

A

Chocolate + Factors X and V

38
Q

Agar used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Löwenstein-Jensen

39
Q

Agar used for Vibrio Cholerae

A

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts (TCBS)

40
Q

Agar used for Bordetella pertussis

A

Bordet-Gengou

41
Q

Agar used for Legionella pneumophila?

A

Charcoal-yeast extract

42
Q

Agar used for Campylobacter or Helicobacter?

A

Skirrows (Campi’s)

43
Q

Agar used for Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK)

44
Q

Agar used for Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Eaton

45
Q

Agar used for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Cetrimide

46
Q

Agar used for Salmonella and Shigella?

A

Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate (XLD)

47
Q

Agar used for Leptospira interrogans?

A

Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) / Fletcher’s

48
Q

Determines whether antibodies are present in the patient’s serum Detects the antigens of the organism in tissues or body fluids At least a fourfold increase in titer between the acute and convalescent samples

A

Serologic tests

49
Q

Test that is highly specific, quite sensitive and much faster than culture Especially useful for those bacteria that are difficult to culture What is this test and give examples of the organisms?

A

Molecular tests (Nucleic acid amplification tests, nucleic acid probes, and nucleic acid sequence analysis) Chlamydia and Mycobacterium

Microbiology (9 decks)

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