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Exam 3 clinical > infection - adaptive immune response > Flashcards

infection - adaptive immune response Flashcards

1
Q

how do T cells give rise to diversity?

A

via gene rearrangement

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2
Q

what are the T cells involved in response to extracellular microbes?

A

TH2 CD4+

TH17 CD4+

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3
Q

what is the function of the TH2 CD4+ T cells in extracellular microbes response?

A

activate:
eosinophils: kill parasite
B cells: antibody (phagocytosis, complement)
mast cells: degranulation in response to allergens (IgE)

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4
Q

what is the function of the TH17 CD4+ T cells in extracellular microbes response?

A

activate neutrophils to carry out phagocytosis

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5
Q

what is the T cell response to intracellular microbes?

A

activate:
CD8 (cytotoxic T cell) - perforin granules (kill infected cell directly)
B cells: produce antibodies to opsonise microbes
macrophage: phagocytose opsonised microbes

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6
Q

what is isotype switching?

A

B cells: IgM to IgG in secondary antibody response

activated by T cells

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7
Q

what is the function of IgM?

A

opsonisation - complement activation

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8
Q

what is the function of IgG?

A

phagocytosis

neutralise virus / toxins

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9
Q

how is secondary antibody response different from primary?

A

faster
stronger
longer duration
isotype switching

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10
Q

do T cells have memory?

A

yes

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11
Q

what is co-stimulation of T cells?

A

stimulate multiple different receptors on T cells (different response)

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12
Q

what does CD4+ TH1 cells produce? what is it involved with?

A 
produces cytokines (TNF-alpha, INF-gamma)
cell-dependent immunity
intracellular microbes
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13
Q

what do CD4+ TH2 cells produce? what is it involved with?

A

cytokines: interleukines (induce T cell replication)
IL-4, IL-5, IL-10
involved in humoral immunity - extracellular microbes

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14
Q

what do CD4+ TH17 cells produce? what is it involved with?

A

IL-17

involved in humoral immunity - extracellular microbes

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15
Q

what are MHC associated autoimmune diseases?

A 
type 1 DM
ankylosing spondylitis (spine & other tissue inflamed)
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16
Q

what is the major cause of organ transplant failure?

A

allograft

MHC mismatch between donor & recipient

17
Q

what are the medical achievements derived from the study of the adaptive immune response?

A
  1. disease prevention (vaccine)
  2. immunoglobulin therapies (immune deficiencies)
  3. diagnostic tests (Ab based) - infectious / autoimmune diseases, blood & MHC (HLA) types

Exam 3 clinical (26 decks)

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