health psych - child development

Question 1

Bowlby’s attachment theory

Answer 1

separation leads to distress:
protest, despair, detachment (mistaken for recovery in the past - restricted parental access to hospitalised child)
negative psychological outcomes (less play, less sleep, depression, anxiety, aggression, detachment)

Question 2

good practice now

Answer 2

parent / carer access, attachment objects (e.g. teddy), home-like environment, continuity in staff, reassure not being punished / abandoned
social referencing - reassure parents

Question 3

Piaget’s childhood cognitive development

Answer 3

sensori-motor (0-2 yrs)
pre-operational (2-7 yrs)
concrete operational (7-12 yrs)
formal operational (12+ yrs)

Question 4

implications of Piaget’s childhood cognitive development

Answer 4

assess level of understanding, tailor communication
danger of metaphors with younger children
difficulty of expressing feelings
difficulty thinking about the future (abstract concept) even in adolescence: implications for adherence

Question 5

sensori-motor

Answer 5

babies experience world through senses
develop motor co-ordination
no abstract concepts
develop body schema - awareness of where they end and world starts
develop understand permanence around 8 months - continuing existence of objects even when out of sight

Question 6

pre-operational

Answer 6

language development, symbolic thought, able to imagine things
egocentricism (can’t see things from other people’s point of view)
lack of concept of conservation (different shape, same mass / volume)
classification by single feature e.g. all red, order by size

Question 7

concrete operational stage

Answer 7

think logically but concrete rather than abstract
achieve conservation of number, mass, weight
classification by multiple features
able to see things from other people’s perspectives

Question 8

formal operational

Answer 8

abstract logic

hypothetic-deductive reasoning