Infection

Question 1

Immunogenicity

Answer 1

ability of pathogens to induce immune response

Question 2

Pathogenicity/pathogen

Answer 2

ability to cause diseases; something that causes diseases

Question 3

Toxigenicity

Answer 3

ability of certain microbes to produce toxins (endo/exo)

Question 4

Virulence

Answer 4

severity of a disease

Question 5

Chain of transmission

Answer 5

something that can be passed from one person to another: Infections agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, host, infectious agent

Question 6

Infectious agent

Answer 6

some disease causing organism

Question 7

reservoir

Answer 7

place where a pathogen lives and reproduces

Question 8

portal of exit

Answer 8

how it gets out of the reservoir or infected patient

Question 9

mode of transmission

Answer 9

mechanism by which the agent is spread

Question 10

portal of entry

Answer 10

how the organism or agent gets into the host

Question 11

host

Answer 11

any individual at risk for contracting the disease causing organism

Question 12

Symbiosis relationship

Answer 12

benefits the human and no harm to microorganism

Question 13

Mutualism relationship

Answer 13

benefit to both human and microorganism

Question 14

Commensalism relationship

Answer 14

benefit only to microorganism but no harm done to human

Question 15

pathogenicity relationship

Answer 15

benefits organism and harms human

Question 16

Physical and mechanical barriers

Answer 16

epithelial cells constantly shutting or removing organisms to present a barrier, mucous membranes, coughing, sneezing, peeing, pooping, sweat, saliva, tears

Question 17

adherence

Answer 17

helps microbes stick

Question 18

invasion

Answer 18

how microbes get in

Question 19

bacteria enzymes

Answer 19

wlil degrade tissue or dissolve WBC and RBC

Question 20

antiphagocytic factors

Answer 20

microbes have outside coating that make it not recognizable to leukocytes; can help with adherence so hard to get rid of

Question 21

endospores

Answer 21

ability to dorm an internal spore of resting state; resistant to heat and chemicals so when conditions are better they will reactivate and cause disease

Question 22

mobility

Answer 22

some have ability to move away from repellents to increase likelihood of living

Question 23

antimicrobial

Answer 23

mutation within microbe that allows it to survive in the presence of antibiotics; comes from overdose or sub theraputic use of antibiotics

Question 24

bacteria

Answer 24

single cell organisms with rigid wall and no internal organelles

Question 25

characteristics of bacteria

Answer 25

shape, gram stain, oxygen requirement

Question 26

Antibiotics can be

Answer 26

gram positive or gram negative

Question 27

Fungi

Answer 27

eukaryotic cells that contain organelles, form complex structures, thick rigid walls

Question 28

Fungi cause problems when

Answer 28

body's defense mechanisms are compromised

Question 29

Superficial & cutaneous fungi

Answer 29

tinnea, ring worm

Question 30

Subcutaneous fungi

Answer 30

ulcers, abscess

Question 31

Systemic fungi

Answer 31

fungi balls in heart chambers, lung or other organisms (they hide)

Question 32

Parasites

Answer 32

establish themselves with another organisms and benefit from the other

Question 33

Protozoa parasite

Answer 33

single cell; malaria trickamonas

Question 34

Helminthes parasites

Answer 34

roundworms and flatworms (peds: pin, hook, tape worms)

Question 35

Anthropod parasites

Answer 35

invertebrate animals with joined appendages; lice, ticks, scadies

Question 36

Common sites of parasites

Answer 36

skin and GI tract

Question 37

Viruses

Answer 37

flu, common cold, noro virus; simple microorganisms, no metabolisms, cannot interdependently reproduce

Question 38

Why are viruses hard to treat?

Answer 38

They can adapt and bypass defense mechanisms because they are hidden

Question 39

Incubation

Answer 39

the period from initial exposure to onset of first symptoms

Question 40

Prodromal

Answer 40

occurence of initial symptoms

Question 41

Illness

Answer 41

Pathogen is multiplying rapidly, immune and inflammatory responses are being triggered; development of symptoms specific to the pathogen

Question 42

Convalescence

Answer 42

immune and inflammatory systems have successfully removed agent and symptoms decline