Drugs

Question 1

Amoxicillin

Answer 1

Antibiotic; treats against gram + and gram - by binding to penicillin binding proteins and inhibiting cell wall synthesis in the microbe, renally eliminated, hypersensitivity, diarrhea, use different contraceptives

Question 2

Amoxicillin = Clavulanic acid (Augmentin)

Answer 2

broad spectrum antibiotic, extended spectrum to cover beta-lactamase; bactericidal treats against gram + and -, renally eliminated, hypersensativity, diarrhea, may take with food

Question 3

Piperacillin + tazobactam

Answer 3

broad spectrum antibiotic, extended spectrum to cover beta-lactamase; bactericidal treats against gram + and -, monitor cardiac status, hypersensitivity, diarrhea, may take with food

Question 4

Cephalexin

Answer 4

3rd generation; broad spectrum + and some -, hyposensitivity, good for strep not staph

Question 5

Azithromycin

Answer 5

protein synthesis inhibitor, broad spectrum, bacteriostatic, DNA synthesis, used for patients with penicillin allergy

Question 6

Doxycyline

Answer 6

protein synthesis inhibitor, tetracycline class, broad spectrum bacteriostatic, treats against + and -; drug interactions: brinds to cations; oral contraceptives

Question 7

Metronidazole

Answer 7

anti-protozoal antibiotic; narrow bactericidal, inhibits nucleic acid synthesis = cell death; drug interactions CYP, ask about alcohol and anticoagulant

Question 8

Fluconazole

Answer 8

fungistatic, antifungal, used to treat subcutaneous and systemic infection, inhibition of CYP450 dependent synthesis; damage fungal cell membranes and slows its growth

Question 9

Unfractionated Heparin

Answer 9

anticoagulant, prevention of clots, blood thinner, binds to anti-thrombin and inactivates it and factor Xa; monitor labs

Question 10

Enoxaparin

Answer 10

anticoagulant - low molecular weight heparin; prevention of clots, blood thinner, binds to anti-thrombin and inactivates factor Xa;

Question 11

Warfarin

Answer 11

anticoagulant - vitamin K antagnist; prevention of clots, blood thinner, suppress production of vitamin-k dependent clotting factors; long half life; lots of food and drug interactions

Question 12

Dabigatran

Answer 12

Anticoagulant: Direct Thrombin Inhibitor; prevention of clots, blood thinner,

Question 13

Riverroxaban

Answer 13

Anticoagulant: direct factor Xa inhibitor; prevention of clots, blood thinner, active immediately, less drug interactions

Question 14

Ferrous Sulfate

Answer 14

Nutritional supplement, treatment of iron deficiency anemia, increases amount of elemental iron in blood

Question 15

Iron Dextran

Answer 15

parental iron product, treatment of iron deficiency anemia, * increases amount of elemental iron in blood, start with small test dose

Question 16

Cyanocobalamin

Answer 16

Vitamin B12 product, treatment for megaloblastic, increases amount of vit B12 in blood, possible hypokalemia

Question 17

Folic acid

Answer 17

nutritional supplment, essential factor for DNA synthesis, used to treat anemia, increases amount of folic acid in blood

Question 18

Erythropoietin

Answer 18

Erythropoietic Growth Factor ; stimulate RBC formation by mimicking the action of natural hormone Erythropoietin, used in patient with renal disease

Question 19

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

Answer 19

Bacterio-static (gram + and gram -), treatment of UTI, great coverage for MRSA, metabolism inhibitor, synergistic effect

Question 20

Nitrofurantoin

Answer 20

Typically Bacteriostatic; Nitrofuran Antibiotic; treatment of UTI and covers some gram + and some gram - ; metabolism inhibitor, damages bacterial cell DNA; avoid in patient with creatine clearance

Question 21

Labetalol

Answer 21

Combination beta and Alpha blocker; Antihypertensive drug; decreases cardiac output, suppresses reflex tachycardia caused by vasodilation, reduces release of Renin; long term use

Question 22

Metoprolol

Answer 22

Sympatholytic, Beta Adrenergic Blocker; Antihypertensive drug;
decreases cardiac output, suppresses reflex tachycardia caused by vasodilation, reduces release of Renin; lower HR, longer term use

Question 23

Hydralazine

Answer 23

Vasodilator, Antihypertensive drug, Causes arteriole vasodilation ; can cause reflex tachy

Question 24

Amlodipine

Answer 24

Calcium Channel Blocker; antihypertensive drug; suppresses smooth muscle contractions by preventing vasoconstriction; can cause issue with heart failure patients → watch for swelling

Question 25

Losartan

Answer 25

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker; Antihypertensive drug; cannot bind to with angiotensin receptor which prevents downstream effects

Question 26

Lisinopril

Answer 26

ACE Inhibitor; Antihypertensive drug; stop angiotensin I from changing to angiotensin II; Hyperkalemia (b/c block aldosterone with excretes potassium)