Hematology

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

any deficit of red blood cells

Question 2

Relative anemia

Answer 2

normal total RBC mass with increased plasma volume (pregnancy)

Question 3

Absolute anemia

Answer 3

decrease in number of RBC

Question 4

What is one major function of red blood cells?

Answer 4

delivering oxygen to tissue through hemoglobin

Question 5

What occurs in tissue hypoxia?

Answer 5

pain in muscle with exercise, altered mental status or dizziness d/t lack of oxygen in brain, increased respiratory rate, pallor

Question 6

What are compensatory mechanisms?

Answer 6

SNS kicks in and sends epinephrine and norepinephrine to help out; tells heart to work harder, dilate capillaries, and increase HR

Question 7

What is DPG?

Answer 7

Increases in RBC to help hemoglobin release oxygen easier

Question 8

How does bone marrow help tissue hypoxia?

Answer 8

It is stimulated to produce more RBC’s

Question 9

Identify a classification system for anemia

Answer 9

Decreased RBC - iron deficiency; lack of iron leads to lack of hemoglobin

Question 10

What is the treatment of anemia targeted at?

Answer 10

the cause

Question 11

Iron deficiency is the most common

Answer 11

nutritional deficiency in the world and most common cause of anemia

Question 12

What is pica?

Answer 12

craving non-food or non-nutritive substances

Question 13

When is iron deficiency common in children?

Answer 13

16 - 18 months because they are moving from iron fortified formula to solid foods and milk

Question 14

Causes of thrombocytopenia

Answer 14

decreased platelet production and decreased platelet survival, splenic sequestration, platelet dilation

Question 15

Risks of developing thrombi

Answer 15

Virchow’ triad: circulatory stasis, hypercoagulable conditions, epithelial injury

Question 16

Circulatory stasis

Answer 16

caused by immobility

Question 17

Hypercoagulable conditions

Answer 17

factors that push towards coagulation

Question 18

Epithelial injury

Answer 18

can be caused by trauma, IV punture, catheters

Question 19

Assessment findings of potential bleeding disorders

Answer 19

pallor, jaundice, petechial, purpura, eccymosis, hemathrosis, hematoma, hematuria, etc.

Question 20

What is petechial and purpura?

Answer 20

Petechia is flat, pinpoint purple spots from capillary hemorrhages; purpura is a group or patch of petechia together

Question 21

Lab evaluations of a potential bleeding disorder?

Answer 21

CBC to determine number of platelets, bleeding time to evaluate platelet and vascular response, prothrombin and INR to evaluate intrinsic pathways of coagulation,

Question 22

WHy is it important to look at ALL lab results when assessing a potential bleeding disorder?

Answer 22

Some bleeding disorders only show up in some of these tests

Question 23

What is DVT?

Answer 23

presence of thrombus in one of the deep veins (usually lower extremity)

Question 24

Assessment of DVT

Answer 24

Edema, pain/tenderness, redness/discoloration, warmth