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PHN > Infants And Preschool > Flashcards

Infants And Preschool Flashcards

1
Q

Why are relative nutritional requirements greater for preschool children?(2)

A

High metabolic demand

Small body size cannot process bulky food

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2
Q

Define weaning

A

Transition from milk only diet to a mixture of drinks and solid foods

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3
Q

How long should babies exclusively be breastfed before introduction of complementary feeding?

A

6 months

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4
Q

What are the benefits of exclusively breastfed?(4)

A

Sufficient to meet all demands for growth
Will reduce the risk of GI infection

Will delay return of menstruation
And aid weight loss for mothers

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5
Q

What is the possible drawbacks of exclusively breastfed?

A

Poor iron status

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6
Q

Advice for weaning (5)

A

Babies to be exclusively breastfed for 6 months
Start weaning at 6 months
Larger babies can be weaned sooner
Weaning should be no earlier than 4 months
Preterm infants to be weaned when 5kg weight

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7
Q

Demands for nutrients in preschool children (4)

A

Growth
Development
Maintenance of health
Establish lifestyle attitudes

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8
Q

Changes in body composition over first year of life

A

Deposition of body fat reserves increased body fat from 14% to 25% of weight

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9
Q

Changes in body composition over years 1-4

A

Ratio of fat:lean mass remains stable

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10
Q

Changes in body composition over year 4-5 (3)

A

Greater deposition of muscle mass
Decline in dat reserves
Body fat decline to 20% of body weight

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11
Q

What happens to brain during first year?(2)

A

Brain double in size

Head of circumferences increases

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12
Q

Brain development over 1-5 years (2)

A

Head circumference increases by 2cm a year

By 5 years brain is 90% of adult size

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13
Q

Impact of brain growth (3)

A

Rapid development of motor neurones
Integration of sensory neves and motor neurones
Develop skills

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14
Q

Demand during infancy is __ times greater than adults relative to body size

A

3

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15
Q

What contributes to energy requirements (2)

A

Growth

Thermoregulation

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16
Q

Why is there a high demand for fatty acids during infancy (3)

A

Delivery of required energy
Immune function
Maturation of organs

17
Q

Which organs go through rapid development (2)

A

Lung

Brain

18
Q

Key developmental milestones when transitioning to weaning (5)

A

Functional changes to:
GI tract
Immune system
Metabolic processes

Diversification of diet
Initiate meal pattern

19
Q

Potential negatives of late weaning (3)

A

Less tolerance to certain flavours
More allergic sensitisation to foods
Greater risk of coeliac disease

20
Q

Department of health recommendations for milk (4)

A

Under 5s should consume 350-568 per day
Under 5s should ideally consume whole milk
Semi skimmed milk can introduced from 2 years
Skimmed milk should not be given to children under 5s

21
Q

Which infants may supplants benefit (3)

A

Fussy eaters
Limited exposure to sunlight
From low income families

22
Q

Nutrition and poverty consequences (4)

A 
More: 
Dental carries 
Obesity and related disorders 
Slower recovery from infection 
Micronutrients deficiencies e.g. IDA
23
Q

Role of family on infant habits (5)

A

Learn from their parents and siblings
Family lifestyle will be the basis for the future

This influences:
Food choice
Meal time
Healthy eating

24
Q

Food neophobia (4)

A

Reluctance to eat unfamiliar food
Contributes to low diversity of foods consumed
Impacts intakes of fruit and veg
Driven by aversion to bitter tasting material

25
Q

Faddy eating (3)

A

Normal developmental stage
Refusal of food
Little compromise of intake

26
Q

Failure to thrive

A

Most common cause of hospitalisation for your infants

27
Q

Organic cause of FTT (2)

A

Coeliac disease

Malabsorption

28
Q

Non organic FFT causes (4)

A

Healthy choices imposed too early
Poverty
Neglect
Poor parental education

PHN (18 decks)

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