Infants And Preschool Flashcards
Why are relative nutritional requirements greater for preschool children?(2)
High metabolic demand
Small body size cannot process bulky food
Define weaning
Transition from milk only diet to a mixture of drinks and solid foods
How long should babies exclusively be breastfed before introduction of complementary feeding?
6 months
What are the benefits of exclusively breastfed?(4)
Sufficient to meet all demands for growth
Will reduce the risk of GI infection
Will delay return of menstruation
And aid weight loss for mothers
What is the possible drawbacks of exclusively breastfed?
Poor iron status
Advice for weaning (5)
Babies to be exclusively breastfed for 6 months
Start weaning at 6 months
Larger babies can be weaned sooner
Weaning should be no earlier than 4 months
Preterm infants to be weaned when 5kg weight
Demands for nutrients in preschool children (4)
Growth
Development
Maintenance of health
Establish lifestyle attitudes
Changes in body composition over first year of life
Deposition of body fat reserves increased body fat from 14% to 25% of weight
Changes in body composition over years 1-4
Ratio of fat:lean mass remains stable
Changes in body composition over year 4-5 (3)
Greater deposition of muscle mass
Decline in dat reserves
Body fat decline to 20% of body weight
What happens to brain during first year?(2)
Brain double in size
Head of circumferences increases
Brain development over 1-5 years (2)
Head circumference increases by 2cm a year
By 5 years brain is 90% of adult size
Impact of brain growth (3)
Rapid development of motor neurones
Integration of sensory neves and motor neurones
Develop skills
Demand during infancy is __ times greater than adults relative to body size
3
What contributes to energy requirements (2)
Growth
Thermoregulation
Why is there a high demand for fatty acids during infancy (3)
Delivery of required energy
Immune function
Maturation of organs
Which organs go through rapid development (2)
Lung
Brain
Key developmental milestones when transitioning to weaning (5)
Functional changes to:
GI tract
Immune system
Metabolic processes
Diversification of diet
Initiate meal pattern
Potential negatives of late weaning (3)
Less tolerance to certain flavours
More allergic sensitisation to foods
Greater risk of coeliac disease
Department of health recommendations for milk (4)
Under 5s should consume 350-568 per day
Under 5s should ideally consume whole milk
Semi skimmed milk can introduced from 2 years
Skimmed milk should not be given to children under 5s
Which infants may supplants benefit (3)
Fussy eaters
Limited exposure to sunlight
From low income families
Nutrition and poverty consequences (4)
More: Dental carries Obesity and related disorders Slower recovery from infection Micronutrients deficiencies e.g. IDA
Role of family on infant habits (5)
Learn from their parents and siblings
Family lifestyle will be the basis for the future
This influences:
Food choice
Meal time
Healthy eating
Food neophobia (4)
Reluctance to eat unfamiliar food
Contributes to low diversity of foods consumed
Impacts intakes of fruit and veg
Driven by aversion to bitter tasting material
Faddy eating (3)
Normal developmental stage
Refusal of food
Little compromise of intake
Failure to thrive
Most common cause of hospitalisation for your infants
Organic cause of FTT (2)
Coeliac disease
Malabsorption
Non organic FFT causes (4)
Healthy choices imposed too early
Poverty
Neglect
Poor parental education
