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PHN > Adolscence > Flashcards

Adolscence Flashcards

1
Q

Long terms importance of meeting demands (2)

A

Dietary habits tracks from childhood to adulthood

Chronic diseases may be established early in life

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2
Q

What affects the rate of growth in the different parts of the body?(2)

A

Stage of development

Gender

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3
Q

How does gender affect rate of growth?(3)

A

Males have greater growth across the shoulders

Females have greater growth across the hips

This is due to hormone sensitivity of cartilage cells at these sites

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4
Q

Iron demands (3)

A

Increase in lean body mass and synthesis of the muscle protein myoglobin

Increase in blood volume

Onset of menstruation in girls

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5
Q

Protein demands (3)

A

Sustain growth

Maintenance of existing tissues

Deposition of new lean mass

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6
Q

What is inadequate iron status associated with (3)

A

IDA

Reduced exercise ability

Impaired cognitive function

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7
Q

Short term importance of meeting demands?(3)

A

Halt rising trend towards obesity and T2D

Avoid disordered eating and unsafe weight loss

Ensure adequate intake of micronutrients

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8
Q

Osteoblasts (2)

A

Secrete bone matrix

Bone deposition

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9
Q

Osteoclasts (3)

A

Secrete lysosomal enzymes, proteinases and hydrogen ions

Digest bone matrix

Bone resorption

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10
Q

Why is bone constantly resorbed?(2)

A

Maintain bone health

Contributes to serum calcium homeostasis

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11
Q

Lengthening of bones (3)

A

Cartilage cells within the epiphyseal plate multiply by mitosis

Diaphysis elongates by deposition of calcified cartilage at both ends

Fusion of diaphysis and epiphysis completes lengthening of bones

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12
Q

When does skeleton begin to lose mass?

A

Once peak bone mass has been achieved

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13
Q

Why is it important to maximise peak bone mass?

A

To reduce risk of osteoporosis later in life

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14
Q

What are the primary modifiable risk factors for low peak bone mass?(2)

A

Calcium intake

Weight bearing physical activity

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15
Q

Diet and lifestyle factors regulating bone growth (3)

A

PA stimulates bone mineralisation

Increased intakes of calcium promotes accumulation of bone mass

Must also have adequate vitamin D status

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16
Q

Energy requirements (4)

A

Relate to body size and growth velocity

Requirements greater in boys than girls due to greater lean body mass

Must also sustain higher levels of PA

Appetite increases to deliver energy needs

17
Q

Problems for adolescence in relation to nutrition (7)

A 
Meal skipping
Snacking
Eating away from home 
Weight control
Sport 
Alcohol
Smoking
18
Q

Benefits associated with eating breakfast (3)

A

Superior nutritional profiles
Less likely to be overweight
I proved cognitive performance

19
Q

Outcomes of snacking (3)

A

Higher energy intake from sugar
Higher total carb intake
Higher sodium intake

20
Q

Female athlete triad (4)

A

Syndrome associated with high intensity activity

Includes: disordered eating, amenorrhea and bone disorders

21
Q

Groups at risk of female athlete triad (4)

A

Gymnasts
Long distance runners
Dancers
Skaters

22
Q

Consequences of female athlete triad (3)

A

Irreversible loss of bone mass density
Osteoporosis
Reproductive dysfunction

23
Q

Eating away from home (3)

A

Higher in energy, fat, sugar and salt
Lower nutrient density
Food at home determine differences in nutrient intake

24
Q

Dieting in adolescence (5)

A

Excluding energy intake to promote weight loss
Often restricts intakes of micronutrients
Negative impact due to a time of high demand
Associated with with body dissatisfaction
And lower levels of self esteem

25
Q

Eating disorders definition (2)

A

Psychiatric conditions Associated with abnormal patterns of food intake and eight control

26
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

…

27
Q

Benefits of moderate PA (3)

A

Reduced obesity risk
Enhances skeletal growth
Associated with higher quality diets

28
Q

Endocrine consequences for prolonged intense PA (4)

A

Low testosterone and fertility in males

High testosterone and low oestrogen in females

29
Q

How prolonged intense PA delays maturation (2)

A

Suppresses GnRH and oestrogen production

Reduced secretion of GH and IGF-1

30
Q

Effects of smoking in nutritional status (3)

A

Reduced calcium absorption
Reduced BMD
Low concentrations of antioxidants

PHN (18 decks)

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