Ageing Flashcards
Changes in heart and lungs associated with ageing (3)
Increased blood pressure
Decreased lung capacity
Decreased oxygen uptake
Changes in body composition and metabolism associated with ageing (3)
Greater body fat
Raised blood lipids
Impaired glucose tolerance
Changes in reproductive function associated with ageing (2)
Menopause
Male infertility
Changes in musculo-skeletal function associated with ageing (3)
Muscle wasting
Reducing muscle tone and strength
Bone mineral declining
Changes in immune function associated with ageing
Declining cellular and passive immunity
Changes in digestive tract associated with ageing (5)
Loss of teeth Salivary flow reduced Reduced gastric secretions Reduced colonic motility Malabsorption of micronutrients
What are the two fates of cells during the ageing process (2)
Cell death
Quiescence
Necrosis (4)
Cell death due to external factors abnormal Cell death due to inflammation, injury or infection
Involves breakdown of cell and organelle membranes
Lysomal destruction of cell components
Apoptosis (3)
Programmed cell death
Occurs on activation of caspases
Coordinated recruitment of systems to destroy genetic material and proteins
Cellular quiescence (4)
Cells become quiescent during as we age
Which is altered patterns of gene expression
Quiescent cells may be replaced by stem cells
Ageing begins to impact on function if rate of senescence exceeds rate of replacement
What is p53?(2)
Tumour suppressor protein
Is a regulator of the G1/S checkpoint in the cell cycle
What regulates p53 concentration?
Hdm2 (mdm2)
What happens when p53 is activated through DNA damage/mutation?(2)
Results in either:
Senescence
Or triggers apoptosis
There is a _________ correlation between ____ and lifespan
Negative
BMR
Changes in nervous system associated with ageing (4)
Sensory impairments
Memory loss
Slower reflexes
Slower mental function