Infants Flashcards
Age of a newborn
0-30 days
Age of a infant
30 days to 1 year
Age of a toddler
1-3 years
Age of a preschooler
3-5 years
Age of a school age child
5-12 years
Age of a adolescent
12-20 years
How old does the Denver go up to
6
What are the four areas of concern for development
Fine motor, gross motor, language, social
Doctor visit schedule for infants
30 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
What is the job of growth charts
To plot growth over time
A child should double birth weight by when
6 months
A child should _______ birth weight by 1 year
Triple
When do you get alerted with growth shown in growth charts
It growth goes more than one standard deviation up or down
What should you plot every visit
Height and weight
Do height and weight percentiles have to be the same?
No
When do you measure head circumstance
Measured until child turns 2
When do you measure abdominal and chest circumference
Usually at birth to make sure baby is within normal limits
Elicited by stroking the cheek or edge of the mouth. Newborn turns the head toward the side that is touched and starts to suck
Sucking and rooting reflex
What is expected Babinski in newborn
Toes will fan up and out
What is cephalocaudal development
Child develops muscle control from head down
Why do the normal vital signs change in infants
Because the number of alveoli in lungs increase as lungs mature
Persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration in the extremities
Acrocyanosis
What is mottling
Lacy pattern of small reddish and pale areas. Is common because of the normal instability of the blood circulation at the skins surface
When do anterior fontanels usually close by
18 months
When do posterior fontanels usually close by
3 months
When do milia usually come out
3-4 weeks
What would you see in a newborn baby where the sutures cross
Caput succedaneum
What are characteristics of a cephalohematoma
Under the skin but still above the skull
Who do you usually see plagiocephaly in
Usually in infants but it can be congenital.when acquired it is most likely positional
What is treatment of plagiocephaly? why is it important?
You can’t shape head once fontanels close. If you use helmet as treatment it must be worn 23.5 hours a day and usually it is corrected in 3-9months
What is vision acuity at birth
20/200-400
What do newborns do when looking at a object at birth? What reflexes are present?
Fixate close object, pupillary and corneal reflexes present
How do color preferences change in an infant
Change from black and white to red and yellow
At 4 months what does infant do when looking at an object
Track, converge close objects
When do tear ducts open
4 months
When do infant recognize objects
12 months
Hearing/language achievements at 3 months
Locate sound and simple intentional vocalizations
When does a child respond to own name
8 months
Hearing/language achievements 8 months
Responds to own name and imitates sounds
How many words does infant have at 10 months
1-2 words
At what age can infant pick up a toy and put it down
3 months
When can infant intentionally close hands
1 month
When can infant intentionally open hands
3 months
When can infant hold object like a bottle up but not really know what to do then
4 months
When does infant have voluntary grasp
5 months
When can infant hold object like a bottle on own, time when you can introduce cups
6-7 months
When infant has crude pincer grasp
8-9 months
When infant has fine pincer grasp
10-11 months
What is most important thing in first year
Feeding themselves
What she do most babies have good enough fine pincer grasp to feed themselves
9-10 months
Minimal head lag by ___ months; no head lag by ___ months
Minimal by 4; none by 6
What way will child roll first
Front to back
When will a child fill fully roll front to back
By 5 months
When will a child willfully roll back to front
By 6 months
When can a child sit alone
6-7 months
When can infant bear own weight
6-7 months
When does creeping/crawling happen
9-10 months
When does walking happen
12-15 months
Do all babies crawl?
No some never crawl
Should you be concerned if a infant has a wide stance when sitting after 12 months
Yes because it could be a balance issue
Most babies will go to anybody until about when?
9 months
How do infants learn
By senses
When do infants begin cooing and making sounds not related to crying
6-8 weeks
What is infants first tooth
Lower central incisor
How does a child feel when teething?
Irritable, WITHOUT fever. Teething pain is about 3 days total
How do you know how many teeth infant should have up to 24 months
Age of child in months - 6 = # if teeth
When does baby usually get first tooth? Next one?
6 months then usually one each months after
How many teeth should babies have
20
If baby is drooling does that mean they are teething?
No! Drooling happens when salivary glands start working
What should you do if baby doesn’t get lower central incisor first?
Investigate further, every baby gets teeth in the same order
No solid food until?
6 months
How long do people usually exclusively breast feed
4-6 weeks
Should introduce all different types of foods at forts to see what baby likes
No, one food at a time to see if baby is allergic to anything
How long do maternal iron stores usually last
9 months
When should you do a anemia iron screen by
By 12 months
Around 9
When do infants transition to whole milk
12 months, whole milk has hardly any iron in it
Hemoglobin should be greater than what in infancy
10 g/dl
What foods should you introduce after 1 year
Eggs, fish, nuts, chocolate, corn
How long do infants sleep up to 3 months
15 hours/day
