infant feeding Flashcards
what things are found in human milk that is not found in formula
what is colostrum
first form of milk produced by mammary glands immediately following delivery of new-born
what are some special features of colostrum compared to formula
concentrated nutrition
- protective factors
- anti-inflammatory factors
- gut growth
- laxative effect
not breast feeding increases the risks of what in the baby?
- gastroenteritis
- respiratory infections
- allergies
- obesity
- type 1 and 2 diabetes
- SIDS
- NEC
not breast feeding increases the risk of what in the mothers?
- breast cancer
- ovarian cancer
- hip fractures
- ♡ disease
what is a consequence of a baby being born by caesarean section in terms of their microbiome?
miss out on vaginal transfer of microbes
what is epigenetics?<p></p>
genes changes influenced by environmental factors
breastfeeding may result in epigenetic changes which impact?
- brain development
- baby’s immune system
- baby’s metabolic system
what legislation protects breastfeeding?
The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes provides legislation that protects breastfeeding
what are some things parents using formula milk should know?
- 1st milks for first year – no need for follow on
- all brands are similar
- information on preparing and sterilising
- cow’s milk from one year
- responsive bottle feeding
what are the stages of lactation
lactogenesis 1: breast development and colostrum production from about 16 weeks gestation
lactogenesis 2: onset of copious milk secretion occurring between 32 and 96 hours after birth
lactogenesis 3: maintenance of milk production
how do levels of oestrogen, progesterone, prolactin and oxytocin change after birth?
oestrogen and progesterone decreases
prolactin and oxytocin increases
what do levels of prolactin and oxytocin increase in response to
touch, smell and sight of baby
what does prolactin act on
lactocytes
what is prolactin and oxytocin responsible for?
what do they act on?
when are levels higher?
prolactin
- responsible for milk production
- responsive to touch & stimulation
- levels higher at night
oxytocin
- responsible for milk delivery
- acts on muscle cells in pulsatile action
- levels higher when baby is near
describe the feedback inhibition of lactation
milk removal = milk production
ineffective milk removal = reduced production by FIL (whey protein)
what are the effects of oxytocin (the love hormone)
- works on feelings and emotions
- lowers blood pressure
- improves sleep
- reduces stress levels by ‘taking on cortisol’
- reduces pain sensitivity
- boosts our immune system
what is the ‘baby friendly standard’ in regards to skin to skin contact?
mother should have skin to skin contact with baby after birth at least until after the first feed
encouraged to offer when the baby shows signs of readiness to feed
if unable: do so as soon as possible
why is skin contact with the newborn important?
stimulates feeding behaviour: triggers lactation and mothering hormones
regulates: baby temperature, heart rate and breathing
colonisation: microbes from mother, father and environment
reduces stress hormones in mother and baby
describe the stages immediately after birth?
<p>How does seperation of the mother and baby impact the baby?</p>
<p>Causes stress</p>
