infant feeding

Question 1

what things are found in human milk that is not found in formula

Answer 1

Question 2

what is colostrum

Answer 2

first form of milk produced by mammary glands immediately following delivery of new-born

Question 3

what are some special features of colostrum compared to formula

Answer 3

concentrated nutrition

• protective factors
• anti-inflammatory factors
• gut growth
• laxative effect

Question 4

not breast feeding increases the risks of what in the baby?

Answer 4

• gastroenteritis
• respiratory infections
• allergies
• obesity
• type 1 and 2 diabetes
• SIDS
• NEC

Question 5

not breast feeding increases the risk of what in the mothers?

Answer 5

• breast cancer
• ovarian cancer
• hip fractures
• ♡ disease

Question 6

what is a consequence of a baby being born by caesarean section in terms of their microbiome?

Answer 6

miss out on vaginal transfer of microbes

Question 7

what is epigenetics?<p></p>

Answer 7

genes changes influenced by environmental factors

Question 8

breastfeeding may result in epigenetic changes which impact?

Answer 8

• brain development
• baby’s immune system
• baby’s metabolic system

Question 9

what legislation protects breastfeeding?

Answer 9

The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes provides legislation that protects breastfeeding

Question 10

what are some things parents using formula milk should know?

Answer 10

• 1st milks for first year – no need for follow on
• all brands are similar
• information on preparing and sterilising
• cow’s milk from one year
• responsive bottle feeding

Question 11

what are the stages of lactation

Answer 11

lactogenesis 1: breast development and colostrum production from about 16 weeks gestation

lactogenesis 2: onset of copious milk secretion occurring between 32 and 96 hours after birth

lactogenesis 3: maintenance of milk production

Question 12

how do levels of oestrogen, progesterone, prolactin and oxytocin change after birth?

Answer 12

oestrogen and progesterone decreases

prolactin and oxytocin increases

Question 13

what do levels of prolactin and oxytocin increase in response to

Answer 13

touch, smell and sight of baby

Question 14

what does prolactin act on

Answer 14

lactocytes

Question 15

what is prolactin and oxytocin responsible for?

what do they act on?

when are levels higher?

Answer 15

prolactin

• responsible for milk production
• responsive to touch & stimulation
• levels higher at night

oxytocin

• responsible for milk delivery
• acts on muscle cells in pulsatile action
• levels higher when baby is near

Question 16

describe the feedback inhibition of lactation

Answer 16

milk removal = milk production

ineffective milk removal = reduced production by FIL (whey protein)

Question 17

what are the effects of oxytocin (the love hormone)

Answer 17

• works on feelings and emotions
• lowers blood pressure
• improves sleep
• reduces stress levels by ‘taking on cortisol’
• reduces pain sensitivity
• boosts our immune system

Question 18

what is the ‘baby friendly standard’ in regards to skin to skin contact?

Answer 18

mother should have skin to skin contact with baby after birth at least until after the first feed

encouraged to offer when the baby shows signs of readiness to feed

if unable: do so as soon as possible

Question 19

why is skin contact with the newborn important?

Answer 19

stimulates feeding behaviour: triggers lactation and mothering hormones

regulates: baby temperature, heart rate and breathing
colonisation: microbes from mother, father and environment

reduces stress hormones in mother and baby

Question 20

describe the stages immediately after birth?

Answer 20

Question 21

<p>How does seperation of the mother and baby impact the baby?</p>

Answer 21

<p>Causes stress</p>