contraception Flashcards
what are the types of contraception
- combined hormonal contraception
- progestogen only method
- intrauterine contraception
- emergence contraception
- sterilisation
what is the pearl index
number of pregnancies per 100 women per years of exposure
what is life table analysis
pregnancy rate over a specified time frame
what is the benefit of long active reversible contraception (LARC)
less user input so minimises user failure rates
what are the types of combined hormonal contraception
- pill (daily)
- patch (changed weekly)
- vaginal ring (changed every 3 weeks)
what does combined hormonal contraception consist of
ethinyl estradiol & synthetic progestogen
what are the benefits of combined hormonal contraception
- stops ovulation (helps with PMS)
- reduces bleeding
- reduction in ovarian cysts
- improves acne/hirsutism
- reduction in benign breast disease, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer and osteoporosis
what are side effects of combined hormonal contraception
- breast tenderness
- nausea
- headache
- irregular bleeding for first 3 months
- venous thrombosis (DVT, PE)
- arterial thrombosis (MI, ischaemic stroke)
- cervical/breast cancer
what are precautions of combined hormonal contraception
avoid if active gall bladder disease or previous liver tumour
what are the types of progestogen only methods
- pill (desogestrel)
- jag
- implant
what are the benefits of progestogen only methods
- oestrogen free so few contraindications
- all cycles anovulant
- alters cervical mucus
what are the side effects of progestogen only methods
- headache
- hair loss/gain
- acne
- apetite increase
- bloating/fluid retention
- mood change
what are the types of intrauterine contraceptions
- the coil
- copper IUD (hormone free; lasts 5-10 years)
- levenorgestrel IUS (slow release progestogen - mirena, kyleena)
what are the types of emergency contraception
- copper IUD (within 120 hours UPSI or by day 19)
- levonorgestrel pill (within 72 hours)
- ulipristal pill (within 120 hours; contraindications with breastfeeding/enzyme inducing drugs)
when to start contraception
start in first 5 days of cycle for immediate cover
