Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

reproductive system > breast treatment > Flashcards

breast treatment Flashcards

1
Q

How is the severity of breast cancer measured?

A

Staging the severity done by:

FBC, U&Es, LFTs, Ca2+/PO2
  • Chest x-ray
  • Others as clinically indicated
  • No reliable tumour markers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What classification system is used for breast cancer?

A

TNM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain T staging for breast cancer?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain N staging for breast cancer?

A
  • N0 – no regional lymph nodes palpable
  • N1 - regional lymph nodes palpable and mobile
  • N2 – regional lymph nodes palpable and fixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain M staging for breast cancer?

A

Mx – distant metastases cannot be assessed

  • M0 – no distant metastases
  • M1 – distant metastasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is neo-adjuvant?

A

Neo-adjuvant = treatment before surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is adjuvant?

A

Adjuvant = treatment after surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the management for breast cancer?

A

Surgery

	Breast conservation surgery
  • Indications – breast:tumour size ratio, suitability for radiotherapy, patients wishes
  • Masectomy – simple or skin sparing mastectomy
    Surgery to axillar – gives prognostic information, regional control of disease/eradication in axilla
  • If sentinel node is negative is fine, if positive need to remove them all surgically or give radiotherapy to all axillary nodes
  • Complications – lymphoedema, sensory disturbance, decreased ROM of shoulder joint, nerve damage, vascular damagePrevention/adjuvant treatment
      \+/- radiotherapy
  • Over 3 weeks
  • Complications – skin reaction, radiation pneumonitis, cutaneous radionecrosis, angiosarcoma (immediate to long term)
      \+/- chemotherapy
  • Anthracycline combinations (dexorubican or epirubicin)
  • Taxane based combinations (ocetaxel)
    Indications – benefit best in younger woman (<50 years) and patients with increasing adverse prognostic factors (grade 3, LN pos, ER neg, Her2 pos)
      \+/- hormonal therapy
  • Only given to oestrogen receptor positive cancers
  • Blocks stimulation of cell growth by oestrogen
    Tamoxifen
  • Action – blocks directly on ER receptor
  • Indication – effective in all age groups
  • Side effects – thromboembolic events
          Aromatase inhibitors (arimidex and letrozole)
  • Action – inhibiting ER synthesis
  • Contraindication – NOT given to postmenopausal woman
  • Side effects – osteoporosis
      \+/- biologics

      Trastuzumab
  • Monoclonal antibody against Her2 receptor
  • Indication – only given to patients with over expression of Her2 and chemotherapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What surgery can be done for breast cancer?

A

Breast conservation surgery

  • Indications – breast:tumour size ratio, suitability for radiotherapy, patients wishesMasectomy – simple or skin sparing mastectomy
    Surgery to axillar – gives prognostic information, regional control of disease/eradication in axilla
  • If sentinel node is negative is fine, if positive need to remove them all surgically or give radiotherapy to all axillary nodes
  • Complications – lymphoedema, sensory disturbance, decreased ROM of shoulder joint, nerve damage, vascular damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are indications for breast conservation surgery?

A
  • Indications – breast:tumour size ratio, suitability for radiotherapy, patients wishes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 different kinds of masectomy?

A
  • Masectomy – simple or skin sparing mastectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is surgery done to the axilla?

A
  • Surgery to axillar – gives prognostic information, regional control of disease/eradication in axilla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are possible complications of surgery to the axilla?

A
  • Complications – lymphoedema, sensory disturbance, decreased ROM of shoulder joint, nerve damage, vascular damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is done after surgery to the axilla if:

  • sentinal node is negative
  • sential node is postiive?
A
  • If sentinel node is negative is fine, if positive need to remove them all surgically or give radiotherapy to all axillary nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are possible complications of radiotherapy?

A
  • Complications – skin reaction, radiation pneumonitis, cutaneous radionecrosis, angiosarcoma (immediate to long term)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What chemotherapy is used for breast cancer?

A
  • Anthracycline combinations (dexorubican or epirubicin)

* Taxane based combinations (ocetaxel)

17
Q

What are indications for chemotherapy in breast cancer?

A

Indications – benefit best in younger woman (<50 years) and patients with increasing adverse prognostic factors (grade 3, LN pos, ER neg, Her2 pos)

18
Q

Who is hormonal therapy given to?

A
  • Only given to oestrogen receptor positive cancers
19
Q

How does hormonal therapy work?

A
  • Blocks stimulation of cell growth by oestrogen
20
Q

What hormonal therapy drugs can be given for breast cancer?

A

Tamoxifen

  • Action – blocks directly on ER receptor
  • Indication – effective in all age groups
  • Side effects – thromboembolic eventsAromatase inhibitors (arimidex and letrozole)
  • Action – inhibiting ER synthesis
  • Contraindication – NOT given to postmenopausal woman
  • Side effects – osteoporosis
21
Q

For tamoxifen:

  • action
  • indication
  • side effects
A
  • Action – blocks directly on ER receptor
  • Indication – effective in all age groups
  • Side effects – thromboembolic events
22
Q

For aromatase inhibitors:

  • action
  • contraindications
  • side effects
A
  • Action – inhibiting ER synthesis
  • Contraindication – NOT given to postmenopausal woman
  • Side effects – osteoporosis
23
Q

What biologic can be used for breast cancer?

A

Trastuzumab

  • Monoclonal antibody against Her2 receptor
  • Indication – only given to patients with over expression of Her2 and chemotherapy
24
Q

What are indications for biologics (trastuzumab) for breast cancer)?

A
  • Indication – only given to patients with over expression of Her2 and chemotherapy
25
Q

What follow up is done after management of breast cancer?

A
  • Mammogram of breasts every year for 3-10 years

* Clinical examination for 1-5 years

26
Q

What is used to assess disease recurrence risk?

A

Nottingham prognostic index

	Lymph node involvement
	Tumour grade
	Tumour size
27
Q

What are factors increasing risk of breast cancer recurrence?

A

Nottingham prognostic index

	Lymph node involvement
	Tumour grade
	Tumour size

Steroid receptor status
  • Negative ER/PR higher risk)Her2 status
  • Positive higher risk
  • Lymphovascular invasion

reproductive system (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions