infancy and childhood development Flashcards
eriksons eight life span stage
stage 1 = trust vs mistrust stage 2 = autonomy vs shame and doubt stage 3 = initiative vs guilt stage 4 = industry vs inferiority stage 5 = identity vs confusion stage 6 = intimacy vs isolation stage 7 = generativity vs self-absorption stage 8 = integrity vs despair
describe stage 1 erikson eight life span stage
trust vs mistrust 0-1 year complete dependence on adults for basic needs \+ive outcome = trusting, optimistic -ive outcome = mistrusting, insecure
describe stage 2 erikson eight life span stage
autonomy vs shame and doubt
2-3 years
coincides w/ toilet training
positive and encouraging parenting = sense of autonomy and self-suffciency
parents dissatisfied = personal shame and self doubt
describe stage 3 erikson eight life span stage
initiative vs guilt
3-6 years
child integrates and gets on w/ siblings and parents = own initiative and self confidence
-ive outcome = from family conflict - guilt suffers from self esteem
describe stage 4 erikson eight life span stage
industry vs inferiority 6-12 years function outside family unit function in less nurturing and more productive oriented society \+ive outcome = develop industry and competence -ive outcome = develop inferiority and incompetence
types of child attachment
secure attachment
ambivalent attachment
avoidant attachment
attachment style
secure
anxious
fearful-avoidant
avoidant
characteristic of secure attachment
able to separate from parent
seek comfort from parent when frightened
+ive response to return of parents
prefer parents to stranger
characteristics of ambivalent attachment
may be wary of strangers
distressed when parents leaves
not comforted by return of parent
characteristics of avoidant attachment
may avoid parents
don’t seek comfort from parents
little preference between parents or stranger
traits of secure attachment
set healthy boundaries
comfortable w/ autonomy and intimacy
can be emotional to those close to them
traits of anxious attachment
fears of abandonment
seeks external validation
struggles being alone
insecure
traits of fearful avoidant attachment
desires but fear relationships and intimacy
scared of rejection
low self esteem
traits of avoidant attachment
overly self reliant
commitment issues
avoid intimacy
distant in relationships
different types of temperament
easy or flexible
difficult, active, feisty
slow to warm, cautious
combination
describe easy or flexible temperament
– calm, happy, adaptable, regular in
sleeping and eating habits, positive in mood and
interested in new experiences
describe difficult, active feisty temperament
fussy, irregular feeding and sleeping habits
low in adaptability
fear new people and situations
easily upset
describe slow to warm up or cautious temperament
relatively inactive,
reflective, tend to withdraw or react more negatively to novelty, but their reactions gradually become more
positive with experience
list piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development
sensorimotor period
preoperational period
concrete operational period
formal operational period
describe stage 1 sensorimotor period piagets cognitive development
0-2 years
Development of ability to coordinate sensory input with motor actions
• Emergence of symbolic thought
• OBJECT PERMANENCE
describe stage 2 preoperational period of piagets cognitive development
2-7 years Lack CONSERVATION • Characteristic thinking: • Centration - focus on one feature of problem, ignoring other important aspects • Irreversibility - inability to reverse an action • Egocentrism - limited ability to share another’s viewpoint • Animism - all things are living
describe stage 3 preoperational period of piagets cognitive development
Child can: • mentally manipulate the environment • coordinate several aspects of a problem • can operate with images of tangible objects and events • Masters concepts of: • Reversibility • Decentration • Decline in egocentrism
symptoms of Post-partum depression
Appetite disturbance Sleep disturbance Suicidal Ideation impaired concentration fatigue
predictors of post partum depression
- Prenatal depression
- Low self-esteem
- Childcare stress
- Prenatal anxiety
- Life stress
- low socioeconomic status
effect of post partum depression on infants and children
mothers are less affectionate, more withdrawn or hostile to infants, less responsive of infant cues
effects
lower cognitive performance, less creative
emotional and behavioural problems,
less mature