Human Development: adulthood and ageing

Question 1

list the 3 stages of eriksons psychological development

Answer 1

intimacy vs isolation = early adulthood
generativity vs self absorption = middle adulthood
integrity vs despair = late adulthood

Question 2

what is the intimacy vs isolation involve

Answer 2

involve close friendships and love relationships
Intimacy = one’s ability to relate to another human being on a deep, personal level
Having a developed sense of identity is important here

Question 3

describe positive outcome intimacy vs isolation

Answer 3

must develop intimate relationships with others;

willing to be open and committed to another individual.

Question 4

describe negative outcome intimacy vs isolation

Answer 4

may retreat into isolation if a sense of identity is not developed and will fear a committed relationship

Question 5

generativity

Answer 5

refers to the adult’s ability to care for another person. Does the adult have the ability to care and guide the next generation?

Question 6

describe positive outcome generativity vs self-absorption

Answer 6

To have and nurture children and/or become

involved with future generations

Question 7

describe negative outcome of generativity vs self - absorption

Answer 7

must deal with issues they are concerned with

or it can lead to stagnation in later life

Question 8

describe the integrity vs despair stage

Answer 8

• This stage is focused on reflecting back
over life
• Older adults need to look back on life and
feel a sense of fulfillment.

Question 9

describe positive outcome of integrity vs despair

Answer 9

Adult will feel proud of
their accomplishments and have a sense of
integrity and wisdom

Question 10

describe negative outcome of integrity vs despair

Answer 10

they will feel that their
life has been wasted and will experience
many regrets, bitterness, and despair

Question 11

examples of health care factors

Answer 11

exercise at 2.5 hours a week
eating 5 portions of fruits and veg
not smoking

Question 12

effects of adopting healthy behaviours

Answer 12

reduce mortality risk

reduce cardiovascular disease

Question 13

definition of elder abuse

Answer 13

A single or repeated action, or lack
of appropriate action, occurring
within any relationship where
there is an expectation of trust
which causes harm or distress to
an older person

Question 14

list forms of elder abuse

Answer 14

Financial/Material
Physical
Sexual
Psychological
Neglect

Question 15

describe indicators of psychological elder abuse

Answer 15

Demoralisation; Depression; Feelings of hopelessness/

helplessness; Disrupted appetite/sleeping pattern;

Question 16

describe indicators neglect elder abuse

Answer 16

Dehydration; Malnutrition; Inappropriate clothing; Poor

hygiene; Unkempt appearance; Under/over medicated

Question 17

describe indicators financial elder abuse

Answer 17

Unexplained or sudden inability to pay bills; Unexplained or sudden withdrawal of money from accounts; Funds diverted for someone else’s use; Being charged for unsolicited work or significantly overcharged for work done;

Question 18

describe indicators physical elder abuse

Answer 18

Bruises or cuts, particularly to mouth, lips, gums, eyes, ears); Abrasions; Scratches; Burns

Question 19

describe indicators sexual elder abuse

Answer 19

Trauma about the genitals, breasts, rectum, mouth

Injury to face, neck, chest

Question 20

list physical effects of caregiving

Answer 20

Most common aspects of health that have worsened because of
caregiving:
– 87% Energy & sleep
– 70% Stress and/or panic attacks
– 60% Pain or aching
– 52% Depression
– 41% Headaches

Question 21

characteristics of caregiver burnout

Answer 21

Changes in appetite, headache, fatigue, difficulties
concentrating, insomnia,
Increased stress & anxiety
Social isolation
Depressive & affective symptoms

Question 22

describe balte’s theory of successful ageing

Answer 22

SOC model
Selection - Selection refers to developing, elaborating, and committing to personal goals.Throughout the life span, biological, social, and individual opportunities and constraints specify a range of alternative domains of functioning. The number of options, usually exceeding the amount of internal and external resources available to an individual,
Optimisation - Optimization involves the obtainment, improvement, and coordinated use of individual means to pursue important selected goals
Compensation - the acquisition and application of alternative individual means or the utilization of external or technological aids to substitute lost means.

Question 23

describe kuber ross stages of dying/bereavement

Answer 23

Denial – where the person uses this to adjust to the fact
that they are dying without being emotionally
overwhelmed
Anger – which stems from a frustration at dying and is
often directed at those closest to the person
Bargaining – where people try to make a deal God or the
medical professionals so they live, promising good
behaviour in return for their life
Depression – which occurs when the person realises
there is nothing that can be done – anticipatory grief
Acceptance – where the person accepts their death with
calmness and peace