inernational resistance Flashcards
Why did international protest against the south African government grow in the 1980ss
-Apartheid laws still enforced
-little movement towards real reform
-continued violence and brutal repressions
-Rubicon speech, (PW Bohta opted for stubbon position)- no further reform 1985
-conscription sees number of young men depart for UK/Europe
What international communities increased the pressure on South Africa
-united nations
-commonwealth
-USA
-European union
-anti- apartheid movement in UK and Ireland
-international trade unions
What was the aim of international pressure
to force the government to end policy of apartheid
how did the united Nations add to the pressure on SA
The UN established a special committee against apartheid which played a critical role in imposing oil embargo (not allowing oil to be imported)
How did the USA add pressure to the government
-US congress and American
companies applied sanctions
-1986- US congress passed Anti Apartheid act
-All new loans and investments banned to sa
-SA airways planes not allowed to land at US airports
-ban on importing certain south African products
institutions such as universities started selling shares in companies which had connections in sa 3 billion dollar dollars
-large corporations closed down operations in (coke)
How did the European Union add to the pressure on SA
limited sanctions
-banning the sale of gold krugerrands
-importing of south African coal, iron and steel
How did the commonwealth add to the pressure to South Africa
commonwealth split in 1986- efficacy of sanctions
What were the successes of the economic sanctions
-Raised awareness
-pressuried the south african government
-impacted white south africans/businesses
- South African ecomony strained
What were the failures of the sanctions
-not fully supported by all overseas investors
-impact undermined ( forced sa to be more self- reliant
-Black South Africans conditions deterioed
What was the effect of the Rubicon speech
1985
-SA financial crisis
-overseas banks cancelled loans
-Rand dropped by 35%
support of sanctions against SA grew
What were the anti- apartied movements and their aims, impact
-campaigns for boycotts and continued international iscolation
-AAM, 1959 by sa exiles to create awareness
-movenment gained support from British labor and movements and from trade unions called for support for banned anc
-AAM, 1965- International defense and aid fund
-collecting funds to help opps of apartied smuggles 200 million aid political prisoners
created a network of donars
-IAAM- 1960s demand boycotts supported by trade unions and churches
led student protest during Rivonia trial
1963
What were the sport boycotts
-gleneagles agreement in 1977
-called for members to cut all sporting links with SA
-no official touring teams to SA
-prevented from playing international compitions
South Africa did not compete at Olympic Games from 1964 to 1988
What were the cultural boycotts
British actors union equity would not allow the perdormances to be shown in SA
-British TV programmes not shown in sa
What were the academic boycotts
-Academics prevented from traveling to conferences
-isolation from academia
-1986 delegates excluded from world archaeology conference
What was the release Mandela campaign and its impact
-ANC in exile call for realease of political prisoners
-used to mobilise the anti-apartied movement
-Release Nelson Mandela campaign formed in london
-Raised awarness
-us congress calling for his realease
-Renewed campaign for his realease was in 1987 at UN headquaters led by Bill Cosby
-Britain Netherlands streets named after min
-coincided with the UDF
-“free Mandela” concerts
-as a result of these campaigns Bohta offered to realease Mandela in 1985 provided mandela renounce violence
-mandela rejected but his words of response further inpired anti-aparteid movenment
