BCM Flashcards
What was BCMs ideas and philosophy (Aims)
Raise self respect and confidence of black people to liberate themselves
BCM wanted to change the way black people saw themselves
promotes black pride, culture and history
stop working with white liberals in multi- racial organizations but educate other whites to change their attitudes
promotes unity amongst black people by mobilizing them to fight
How did BCM mobilize Black people to challenge the apartied system
instilled a sense of pride and self worth
which led to it being a National movement
1972- Black Peoples Convention formed (aimed to free blacks from psychological and physical oppressions) (involved, students, churches, communities and trade unions)
Black communities projects (self help schemes
1973- Black allied workers union
Scholars form SASM- further exposed blacks to bcm
How did BCM mobilise students
Students break away from NUSAS and formned SASO (1968)- resist white domination
Black conscioness gave rise to greater self awareness and amongest black south africans
Formation of SASM
Afrikaans medium policy (catalyst)
SASO and SASM influenced Action committee later remaned SSRC (13 Junes)
Both students and teachers reject policy (Boycotts, community stayaways, destruction of government property, clashes with the police)
16 June 1976- students protest peacefully
Continued by the country being disrupted until the follwoing ( students detained, injured killed)
led to students joining ANC and PAC in exile (12000)
How did BCM mobilize black through community programs
Black communities Project
BC promoted independence from whites through black community programmes to support blacks without white resistance (Zanemphilo health clinic, Ginsburg educational trust, Zimele trust fund and winter school projects)
Biko urged black south africans to assert themselves and do things for themselves. Where aparteid legislation aimed at controlling black populations
BCM mobilisation through labor
BCM- mobilised trade unions
BC led to the formation of Black allied workers union (workers strikes in Durban 1973)
-BAWU- rejected white invovment
BCM political impact after 1970s
BCOs banned in 1977
formation in Azanian Peoples Organization (AZAPO) in 1978, gained strong following at university of North and Soweto
AZAPO supporters were exposed to the ideas of Black consciousness on black universities during 1970s
- Black sympathisers joined the exile or underground ANC in 1977 to gain military training and react to apartied policies in war therefore leading to an increase in numbers for anti apartied political movements
How did BCM mobilise blacks
pride
accept themsleves, self confidence
reject inferiority complex
What were the challenges posed by the ideas of BCM
BCM become mass movenment that sought to undermine apartied
BC ideas incited the workers to embark on strike action
What was the Governments reaction of BCM
It was clear the BCM was anti homeland policy
Banning and house arrest of biko and other leaders
BPC acticits were detained without trail
SASO banned on university campuses
Biko arrested and interrograted
Biko brutally murdered by security in 1977
BCOs banned in 1977 19 oct banning on 19 orginsations
was BCM success in achieving its aims
Changed the way black people saw themsleves
black asseretivness (renewed it after being diminished in 1960s)
BCM become voice and spirit ot the anti aparteid movement at the time ANC and PAC banned
Role of Steve Biko
broke away from NUSAS to form SASO 1968
SASO driving force of BCM spread BC ideas acress campuses (bush collge)
made students more poltically aware
encourge students to liberate themslves
Biko promoted self liberation
He believed that asscociation with whites made liberation struggle ineffective
Estabilised self groups for black communities with other BC leaders
BC newsletters were publised in SASO newsletter
