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History > Industrialization (1850-1900) > Flashcards

Industrialization (1850-1900) Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain what the First Industrial Revolution was? What was the change that occurred?

A

In the early 1800’s manufactured products (products that had to be made and assembled) began to be made by machines rather than by hand.

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2
Q

How did the industrial revolution change business in America?

A

It changed small businesses into huge manufacturing companies.

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3
Q

Before the Civil War almost all of the U.S. industry was in what part of the country?

A

North (Southerners were still mainly farming)

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4
Q

Why were big factories a benefit?

A

They could produce and sell products quicker. This was a benefit during the war.

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5
Q

What was a negative about industrial revolution?

A

“Mom and Pop” stores had to compete with large factories who could produce similar products quicker, and there was less need for true craftsmen.

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6
Q

When did the much more powerful Second Industrial Revolution begin?

A

After the Civil War.

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7
Q

Because of industry the countries wealth grew by how much?

A

Five and 1/2 times between 1860-1900

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8
Q

When did John D. Rockefeller start Standard Oil Company?

A

1870

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9
Q

Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone (and realizes he missed calls from Chuck Norris)

A

1876

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10
Q

Thomas Edison invents lightbulb

A

1879

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11
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act limits monopolies

A

1890

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12
Q

What is a monopoly?

A

When one company has control over an entire industry (ex: oil, computers, phones) and there is no longer means for competition or they simply bought out all of the competition. Ex: If Apple bought out all other cell phone companies and you had no choice but buy an Iphone.

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13
Q

Teddy Roosevelt becomes president

A

1901

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14
Q

This Scottish inventor improved the steam engine, patented it by 1769 and had it into production by mid-1770’s

A

James Wyatt

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15
Q

What was Wyatt’s steam engine called?

A

Reciprocating Steam Engine

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16
Q

WHat did steam engines replace?

A

human labor

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17
Q

2 positive effects of the industrial revolution

A
  1. more jobs and opportunities 2. inventions (railraod& electric light bulb) which made life more comfortable
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18
Q

2 negative effects of Ind. Revolution

A
  1. Only a few people got wealthy, often at workers expense (this is before labor laws- people worked in horrible conditions often for terrible pay, children worked too) 2. Living and working conditions in industrial cities were often poor and unhealthy
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19
Q

Who were Robber Barons?

A

Big businessmen of the late 1800’s

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20
Q

What was bad about Robber Barons?

A

They became wealthy by driving small businesses out of business. They charged high prices, took advantage of workers, and bribed government officials. On the other hand they provided better services to their customers, improved the quality of products and built up the nation’s industries.

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21
Q

What often happened between Robber Barons and the government officials?

A

Often the barons got around the law with governments help. The elected officials often allowed them to go around the law because industry was making the US wealthy (all about the $$$). Other government officials took bribes and sided with barons rather than the worker. You can imagine how helpless the average worker felt. Just like today not all businessmen nor government officials are bad, but some are.

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22
Q

What was Cornelius Vanderbilt’s business?

A

Railroad

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23
Q

What was John D. Rockefeller’s business?

A

Oil

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24
Q

Andrew Carnegie?

A

Steel

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25
Q

Gustavus Swift & Philip Armour

A

Meatpacking

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26
Q

Charles Pillsbury

A

Flour milling

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27
Q

James Duke

A

Cigarette Manufacturing

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28
Q

Andrew Mellon

A

Banking

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29
Q

When a business gets rid of all competition it is a _____. When companies are joined to limit competition in an industry, they form a _______

A

monopoly, trust

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30
Q

A group of workers who join together to bargain with the owners of companies. (started forming by the 1850’s)

A

Union

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31
Q

_______ represents the owners interests.

A

Management

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32
Q

Why did unions form?

A

Because groups of workers acting together have more power with management than individuals.

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33
Q

The National Labor Union was headed by ____.

A

William (another William!!) H. Sylvis

34
Q

What were 2 things the National Labor Union favored?

A

An 8 hour work day (they use to have to work much longer), and an end to child labor

35
Q

This early labor union was formed by males who cut clothing in Philidelphia, PA. It was formed in 1869. Originally a secret organization, it became a national federation in 1879. It was the 1st to form local units in different areas.

A

Noble Order of the Knights of Labor

36
Q

Who founded the Knights of Labor?

A

Uriah S. Stephens (at least it’s not William)

37
Q

This national labor federation was formed in 1886 in Columbus, OH. This organization gave the unions the right to organize workers around a specific job or craft.

A

American Federation of Labor

38
Q

Woh founded the American Federation of Labor?

A

Samuel Gompers

39
Q

The main purpose of this union, founded in 1905, was to overthrow capitalism. They favored strikes and other actions over collective bargaining. They eventually lost most members because many unions disagreed with them.

A

Industrial Workers of the World

40
Q

Who founded Industrial Workers of the World? (3 people)

A

Eugene V. Debs (that was my grandfathers first name), William D. Haywood, Daniel DeLeon

41
Q

The members of the Industrial Workers of the World were nicknamed what?

A

Wobblies (why? Don’t ask me.)

42
Q

What is capitalism?

A

a system in which individuals, not the government, own most businesses and factories, and workers earn a wage or salary.

43
Q

In 1935, 8 unions unhappy with the AFL broke away and formed the Committee for _____ _________. In 1938 the name was changed to _____ of _____ _____. It’s purpose was to represent all workers of one industry in a single trade union. Before this union, one industry, such as steel, could have 20 or more craft unions represented in a single factory.

A

Industrial Organization
Congress of Industrial Organization

In 1955 the AFL & CIO merged

44
Q

An agreement by labor and management to allow a 3rd person to settle disputes.

A

Arbitration

45
Q

A workplace where workers must join a union after being hired

A

Union shop

46
Q

Where union representatives negotiate with management in the interest of union workers

A

collective bargaining

47
Q

A complaint about wages, schedules or other matters by labor against management

A

grievance

48
Q

An employer’s refusal to let employees into the workplace unless they accept management terms

A

Lockout

49
Q

To step in to settle a dispute

A

Mediate

50
Q

To discuss how much of something, such as work, will be exchanged for something else, such as wages or benefits

A

Negotiate

51
Q

Union workers who stand outside a workplace to discourage the public from doing business with the company and other workers from working there. It’s a protest

A

Pickets

52
Q

A refusal to work in order to get a certain benefit or agreement from management

A

strike or walkout

53
Q

A person hired by an employer to do the work of an employee who is on strike

A

strike breaker

54
Q

What is the Erdman Act of 1898?

A

This act provided arbitration and mediation to settle disputes between unions representing interstate railroad workers and their employees.

55
Q

What was Adamson Act of 1916?

A

It established an 8 hour day for workers on interstate railroads

56
Q

What was the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act of 1835)?

A

It guaranteed workers the right to organize and bargain collectively

57
Q

WHat was the Labor-Management Relations ACt (Taft-Hartley Act of 1947)

A

It restricted strikes that endangered the nation’s safety, health or welfare

58
Q

_______ _____ became the 26th Pres after William (there it is again….) McKinley was assassinated in 1901

A

Theodore Roosevelt

59
Q

Teddy Roosevelt said he wanted to give seller and consumer a ….

A

“square deal”

60
Q

Roosevelt wanted to give working people protection against Big Business. He was called a _____. He thought that breaking up trusts would result in more competition and better prices for average Americans

A

Progressive

61
Q

WHat did Teddy R. do under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

A

He sued a railroad trust called the Norther Securities Company. His tough stand against big business made him popular. (business is not bad, nor is capitalism. It is greed and wrong doing that sometimes makes businessmen turn bad)

62
Q

Teddy Roosevelt’s very famous statement

A

” Speak softly and carry a big stick”

63
Q

_____ ______ was a social worker who founded Hull House, a settlement house where immigrants could find child car & take classes

A

Jane Addams

64
Q

Who founded National Geographic magazine?

A

Alexander Graham Bell

65
Q

Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone grew out of experiments he was conducting to do what?

A

teach deaf people to speak

66
Q

Who became the richest man in the world by 1901 by investing in steel?

A

Andrew Carnegie

67
Q

Very Cool- After Carnegie made his fortune he gave it away, paying for public schools, libraries and he built ___ ____ in NYC.

A

Carnegie Hall

68
Q

He became a hero to working people when he went to jail for 6 months rather than call off the Pullman Railroad Strike, the 1st major railroad strike in the U.S. He was a socialist (socialism never works) and unsuccessfully ran for Pres 5 times

A

Eugene Debs (He was one of the dudes who started the IWW)

69
Q

Who said “Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration”?

A

Thomas Alva Edison

70
Q

He left his family’s farm to become a mechanic in Detroit when he was 16. He wanted to make a horseless carriage and by 1896 had created a 500-pound car that ran.

A

Henry Ford

71
Q

Ford’s real achievement

A

Model T (a car so inexpensive, even average people could own one)

72
Q

This African American invented the lasting machine which manufactured shoes

A

Jan Matzeliger

73
Q

This African American worked on machines that lubricated (greased) engines. He patented a cup that made it unnecessary to stop & lube railroads & steamships

A

Elijah McCoy

74
Q

This guy ran one of the most famous trusts in U.S. history, the Standard Oil Company.

A

John D. Rockefeller

75
Q

While working as a nurse in a poor immigrant neighborhood in NYC she fought for people to have access to birth control (pill women take to prevent pregnancy)

A

Margaret Sanger

76
Q

How many people came to the U.S. between 1830-1910? (My great-great-great grandfather came over in the 1860’s from Ireland)

A

28 million

77
Q

During the late 1800’s most immigrants came from …

A

Europe

78
Q

A census taken in 1790 found that the total population of the US was _____, 2 of every 3 people came from ____ and one in 5 came from ____. The rest came from _____

A

3,929,000, Britain, Africa, Europe (Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Holland & France)

79
Q

To become citizens immigrants had to live in the U.S. for at least ___ years

A

5

80
Q

WHat is the difference between immigrant and emigrant?

A

An immigrant comes to a new country to live. An emigrant is someone who leaves

81
Q

Who loves you bunches?

A

Me:)

History (15 decks)

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