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World History > Industrial revolution Part 2 > Flashcards

Industrial revolution Part 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

When and where did the IR begin on the European Continent?

A

Belgium, late 1700’s

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1
Q

What time period?

A

1800-1914

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2
Q

What publication, denounced by several religious leaders, appeared in 1859. Why?

A

On the origin of species- Darwin

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3
Q

Why was 1859 an important year for labor unions?

A

Germany legalized them

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4
Q

Remember why Britain was the first place to industrialize?

A
  • natural resources
  • land, labor, capital
  • population
  • enclosure movement
  • new technology
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5
Q

By the ______ steel had replaced ________ as the great symbol of the IR. Steel girders could support taller buildings and bridges. Steel rails could carry steel trains faster.

A

Phase l of IR- forged from _____ and powerd by _________ engines and driven by British _________ industry.

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6
Q

Phase ll- new ________________. New _________ powered by new __________ used new processes to turn out new ___________. New forms of business organizations led to rise of _________________.

A
  • industrial powers

- factories; sources; products; giant companies

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7
Q

At the dawn of the 20th century the 2nd IR will -

A

Transform the economies of the world

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8
Q

How did Britain control it’s industry?

A

Put law into effect until 1825 against exporting inventions.

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9
Q

Where was the first textile industry in the US?

A

Rhode Island

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10
Q

Why was there slower development in Eastern and Southern Europe?

A

Lacked natural resources, social and political conditions got in the way.

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11
Q

What is the process in 1856 that purified iron ore to make steel?

A

Bessemer process: industry measures success by the output of this for tools, bridges, and railroads.

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12
Q

What two inventions make industry move faster?

A

Assembly line and interchangeable parts which cause more production

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13
Q

_________ creates the _________ which is a machine that generates electricity

A

Faraday; dynamo

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14
Q

Who created the first electric lightbulb and what was the result?

A

Thomas Edison; people can stay out after dark and factories run later

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15
Q

What railroad from the Atlantic to the pacific lead to other parts of the world ?

A

Transcontinental

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16
Q

What railroad connected Moscow to European Russia?

A

Trans-Siberian

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17
Q

German who invented gasoline powered engine

A

Otto

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18
Q

Patent for first auto with three wheels

A

Benz

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19
Q

First 4 wheel auto

A

Daimler

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20
Q

Model that went 25mph and he used the assembly line

A

Henry Ford

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21
Q

Air -1903. 12 sec/120 ft

A

Kitty hawk flown by Orville and Wilbur Wright

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22
Q

Morse : coded messages

A

Telegraph

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23
Q

Europe and North America connected in 1860’s by undersea cable created by who?

A

Field

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24
Q

Who patented the telephone?

A

Alexander Graham Bell

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25
Q

Who invented the first radio?

A

Italian Marconi

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26
Q

Phone did owners get capital to invest in new technologies

A

Owners sold stocks or shares in companies

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27
Q

Buisnesses owned by many investors who bought stocks were called what?

A

Corporations

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28
Q

What were the advantages of corporations over proprieters and partnerships.

A

Owners were responsible for all business debts regardless of investments. Corporations are limited responsibility so they attract more people because there is less risk and you risk only what you put in.

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29
Q

1 company having control

A

Monopoly

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30
Q

1901 monopoly

A

Jp Morgan; steel, oil

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31
Q

John d Rockefeller monopoly

A

Oil

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32
Q

Krupp (Germany)

A

Steel making

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33
Q

Several corporations

A

A cartel

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34
Q

What did cartels do?

A

Controlled all parts of an industry and the market prices.

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35
Q

The individual instead of the government controls the factors of oroduction

A

Capitalism

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36
Q

What are the two types of capitalism?

A

Commercial, industrial

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37
Q

Physical and biological sciences develop rapidly in the 1800-1900. What happens as a result?

A

Population explosion

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38
Q

Traits we inherit are called what and who discovered them?

A

Genetics; Mendel

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39
Q

Xrays

A

Roentgen

40
Q

Radioactivity

A

Curies

41
Q

E=mc^2

A

Einstein

42
Q

Inoculation

A

Jenner

43
Q

Antiseptic

A

Lister (listerene)

44
Q

First nurse/ Red Cross

A

Nightingale

45
Q

Mass migration of farms to cities

A

Urbanization

46
Q

Why are people drawn to cities?

A

Museums, libraries, theaters, sports, general entertainment

47
Q

Improved sanitation to prevent disease and begin urban renewal helped the overall “_____________________” improve

A

Standard of living

48
Q

What was city life like?

A

42 years

49
Q

What was urban renewal?

A

Rundown places that are renewed.

50
Q

Workers vs. middle class

A

Blue collar vs. white collar

51
Q

Better standard of living was also improved through

A

Rapid communication, new sources of power, new products, and mass production

52
Q

Dickens was also known as who?

A

David Copperfield

53
Q

Who was a famous philosopher and what did he believe?

A

John Stuart Mill

  • govt should intervene to help factory conditions
  • people would obey laws if they could vote
  • individual liberty a human right- govt should guarantee
54
Q

Who’s government was the first to regulate working conditions?

A

Great Britain

55
Q

Who wrote the Communist Manifesto and what did he believe?

A

Karl Marx
Tribes- shared property and work
Slavery- people are owned like property
Feudalism- landowners controlled serfs
Capitalism- industry developed, sever depression, 2 classes: proletariat and bourgeoise
Communism- proletariat revolt and attempt socialism

56
Q

What were two versions of communism and what did each do?

A

Pure communism- everyone gives and takes what they need, controlled by govt, no rights
Democratic communism- human rights but govt still controls

57
Q

What did the factory act of 1819 so?

A

Prohibited employment of children under 9

58
Q

What did the Ten Hours act do?

A

Women and children under 18 and all worker proble, was that the law was not enforced.

59
Q

People refusing to work and make a list of demands

A

Strike

60
Q

Union movement

A

Workers organized and collected dues to help those on strike

  • sometimes illegal
  • combination act: imprisoned associations
  • finally legalized in Germany
  • unions negotiated wages, hours, and conditions through collective bargaining
61
Q

Middle class emerges how?

A
  • marry into money, gain titles, and climb social ladder

- divide into upper middle and lower middle

62
Q

What were the divisions of the social levels?

A

Super rich/ nobility- entrepreneurs
Upper middle class- business, professionals, doctors, lawyers
Lower middle class- teachers, shopkeepers
Working class- factory workers

63
Q

Children were to -

A

Be seen and not heard; don’t embarrass family

64
Q

The ideal wife was in the “-“ and books and magazines came out reflecting the idea of _________________

A

Cult of domesticity; home sweet home

65
Q

There was division of labor at home

A

Boys did hard work

Women took care of home

66
Q

The support of the _____________ was a ban on alcohol because it threatened the family

A

Temperance movement.

67
Q

Women’s sufferage

A
  • too emotional to vote
  • liberals and socialists supported it
  • some countries advanced women’s sufferage before
  • we don’t win the vote until after WWI
68
Q

3 r’s

A

Reading, writing, arithmetic

69
Q

What did education help teach?

A

Punctuality and work ethic. Obedience to authority. And patriotism. Europe taught religion.

70
Q

School system

A

Elementary, secondary, university.

71
Q

Soccer started in

A

England

72
Q

Where when who and why was basketball originated?

A

YMCA in Springfield Massachusetts, in December 1891 and by James Naismith because it was an indoor activity in the winter.

73
Q

Science and technology increases the population to

A

7 billion

74
Q

Food was preserved how?

A

Pasteurization and refrigeration

75
Q

Emigration vs.cimmigration

A

Out of a country vs. into a country.

76
Q

Old movement vs. new movement

A

N and W Europe vs. S and E europe

77
Q

The growth of social sciences

A
  1. History
  2. Psychology (mind)
  3. Sociology (relationships)
  4. Anthropology (beliefs/behavior)
    - Freud was the father of modern psych
78
Q

Who were some experimenters in art?

A

Matisse, cezanne, Gauguin

79
Q

Naturalists

A

Ugly aspect of life and screened their own emotions

80
Q

Impressionists

A

Vivid accounts in a glance

Monet, Renoir, Degas

81
Q

Post impressionists

A

Small dots

82
Q

Romantics emphasized

A

Feelings, emotions, and imaginations

83
Q

Individualism

A

The belief in the uniqueness of each person

84
Q

How were romantics appearances changed?

A

Males grew long beards and both females and males wore ridiculous clothes

85
Q

Lots of romanticism was based off

A

Middle Ages

86
Q

Architects designed in neo gothic style

A

Cathedrals railways stations - British Houses of Parliament

87
Q

Eugene Delacroix

A

Fascination with the exotic

88
Q

Artists

A

Used warmth and emotion

89
Q

Famous musician

A

Ludwig van Beethoven

90
Q

Literature

A

Expressed nationalism

91
Q

William woodsworth

A

English romantic poet of nature

92
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Germ theory of disease

93
Q

Dmitry Mendeleev

A

Classified all materials by atomic weights

94
Q

Secularization

A

Indifference or rejection to religion

95
Q

Darwin believed every species has evolved from simpler forms

A

Survival of the fittest

96
Q

Realism

A

Sought to show how things truly are

97
Q

Gustavo Flaubert

A

Madame ovary

98
Q

Charles dickens

A

Oliver Twist; sought to show the true and poor London

World History (9 decks)

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