10.3 NATIONALISM Flashcards
Some did not like Napoleon…. Why?
He wanted freedom for the French Rule.
Some Germans liked Napoleon…. Why?
He freed serfs, allowed religious freedom, he was enlightened
After Napoleon’s defeat (where?), the congress of Vienna created a German Confederacy with Austria as it’s head, what was wrong with this?
- each individual state (38) had their own Government
- Each state in the confederacy had different views
- leaders of the states knew there was only one way to be unified (one ruler over all the states)
- set up so Austria would be in charge of Germany
Otto Von Bismarck
- came from a noble, powerful family
- loyalty to Hohenzollerns (Prussia rulers)
- appointed chancellor or prime minister of Prussia by William I
- Practiced Realpolitik
- Worked on the Unification of GermNy
What is realpolitik?
The idea that politics should be based on the needs of the state (whatever the state needs, the resources go to them)
To achieve the unification of Germany, what did Otto do?
- strengthened army
- aggressive foreign policy- “blood and iron” (the time for diplomacy is over, now time for blood and iron)
Otto fought battles against
- Denmark: seized “liberated”
- —–2 provinces of Holstein and Schleswig (1864)
- Austria: (1866) he turned on them, Austria - Prussia war
- France: (1870) france- Prussian war
Prussia- France war
- Otto used Prussian nationalism to remind the people of what Napoleon had done to them
- —— Prussia wanted revenge
- Otto also tricked france with a false telegram
- Prussia won: france humiliated
Victories = ?
Power
Because of these victories, what happened to William I of Prussia.
He became Kaiser (emperor) of the German Confederation
The German people celebrated the new birth of the second empire or what?
Reich
Otto Bismarck created the constitution with 2 houses
Bundersat- upper house
Reichstag- lower house
Emperor- ?
Prime minister- ?
William I
Otto
( Otto still pulls the strings)
Germany became an industrial giant how?
- ) copied Britain in the industrial revolution
- ) conditions were right in Germany for the Industrial Revolution - had good iron and coal resources
- ) large and growing work force- educated work force, good voters, work ethic, punctuality
- ) new technologies in producing weapons
- ) developed new/improved versions of products- Krupp: steel, thyssen: weapons
- ) political: government ran banks and railroads
What is a terrif?
A tax
Otto Von Bismarck was the iron chancellor, and his main goal was to crush all opposition to new united Germany by doing what?
- ) crushing the Catholics (Bismarck was Lutheran)
- ) crushing the socialists
- ) keeping France weak/ isolated
- ) form alliances
Otto distrusted the Catholics, especially the clergy
- he thought they had more loyalty to the pope in Rome than the German State
- launched Kultukampf
What is Kulturkampf
A battle for civilization
Otto passed what laws?
- ) supervised catholic education by the state
- ) government must approve priests
- ) expelled Jesuits from Prussia (Jesuits- society of Jesus)
What happened after Otto installed these laws?
- ottos moves backfired
- Catholics gain more power in the Reichstag and gain strength
- Otto now tried to make peace with the Catholic Church
Otto tried to crush the socialists but what happened?
- the socialist party grew in power- supporting workers
- the social democratic power
- ——- laws for working class, parliamentary democracy
Why did Otto want to crush socialism?
He thought the workers would not be loyal to him and would start a revolution
Otto had to win the workers over by creating laws to protect them…..
- ) 1800’s health, accident, and old age insurance
- ) socialism still grew
- ) his impact was on Europes increasing government role in providing for the needs of citizens
Kaiser William II
- succeeded grandfather
- looked to make a name for himself
