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World History > Ch 10 10.3 UNIFICATION > Flashcards

Ch 10 10.3 UNIFICATION Flashcards

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0
Q

What 2 countries are found in Italy?

A

Vatican City, San Marino

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1
Q

What is a plebiscite?

A

Popular vote

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2
Q

What is the geographical shape of Italy

A

High heeled boot

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3
Q

Thank you in Italian

A

Gratzi

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4
Q

What is an anarchist?

A

Wants to abolish all government, can be violent

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5
Q

What is emigration!

A

Movement away from homeland (because of famine, religious persecution)

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6
Q

What problems did Italy face after unifications?

A

Regional differences
Disputes between church and state
Opposition to conservative government

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7
Q

3 men who helped unify Italy.

A

Cavour, Mazzini, giribaldi

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8
Q

Why wasn’t Italy taken seriously?

A

No had taken them seriously since roman times, Metternich said it was laughable and Italy was a “geographic expression”

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9
Q

France and Austria caused regionalism

A

Venice(venetians) Florence (Tuscans) Naples (Neapolitans)

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10
Q

How did Italy respond to the congress of vienna”

A

They hoped to end centuries of foreign rule and achieve unity

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11
Q

Who founded the secret society in Italy and what was It called?

A

Giuseppe Mazzini “young Italy”

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12
Q

What two things were common in Italy?

A

Language and history (Rome and papacy)

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13
Q

Risorgimento

A

Italian nationalist movement

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14
Q

Who was the new Italian leader

A

Victor Emmanuel II- ruler of Piedmont= nice! savoy! Sardinia.

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15
Q

Who was victors prime minister?

A

Camille de Cavour

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16
Q

How did Cavour reform economy?

A

Improved agriculture, railroad, and free trade

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17
Q

What did Cavour want

A

An end to Austrian power but he needed an army

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18
Q

Realpolitik

A

Based on the needs of the state

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19
Q

What did Cavour do to achieve his goal?

A

Made a secret deal with Louis Napoleon (France would help piedmont if Austria attacked)

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20
Q

Cavour provoked war on Austria

A

Austria lost and nice and savoy were given to france as a peace settlement

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21
Q

What does Cavour have in common with Otto?

A

Noble family, crafty politician, any means to achieve unity

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22
Q

What did garibaldi do

A

Wore red shirt (red=nationalism) wanted an Italian republic

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23
Q

Cavour and victor Emmanuel sent men to take over garibaldi

A

Garibaldi turned over the conquered land to create peace with Sardinia

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24
Q

What happened to victor Emmanuel ll ?

A

He was crowned king

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25
Q

What were some challenges still ahead for Italy?

A

Regional rivalries, no national issues were heard.
North: $, cities, businesses, culture
South: more populated, poor

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26
Q

Pope tried what

A

To overthrow government

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27
Q

What countries had Austria acquired?

A

Romania, Poland, Ukraine, northern Italy

28
Q

Status quo

A

The way things are

29
Q

Who was the emperor of Russia who spoke of “peoples”

A

Francis I

30
Q

Who was the prime minister and what did he believe?

A

Metternich

“Rule and change nothing”

31
Q

What problems would industrialization cause

A

Growth of cities (urbainization)
Worker discontent
Growth of socialism

32
Q

What was it like in the Hapsburg rule?

A

No socialism or democracy
No change in government
Crushed all revolts
Ruled a multinational empire

33
Q

What was the Hapsburg multinational empire made of

A

Serbs, Croats, Czechs, Slovaks, poles, Romanians, Ukrainians, Slovenes, Italians and Hungarians

34
Q

What was wrong with rival groups in the same region..

A

Difficult to keep them unified

35
Q

Why was Austrian nationalism hard to spark?

A

Congress of Vienna

36
Q

Austria had many different cultures

A

1/4 German speaking Austrians
1/4 Hungarians
Rest were varied

37
Q

Who inherited the Hapsburg throne at age 18?

A

Francis Joseph

38
Q

Who did F.J. Lose to?

A

Italy and France

39
Q

Francis Joseph set what up?

A

A new constitution to stop rebellions

  • didn’t serve all people though
  • mostly German speaking Austrians
40
Q

Who helped work out a compromise for Austrian and Hungarians?

A

Francis Deak

41
Q

Dual monarchy of Austria and Hungary allowed for what

A

Separate constitution and parliament

Shared finances, defense, and foreign affairs

42
Q

What was Francis Joseph both

A

Emperor of Austria and king of Hungary

43
Q

How were the ottoman and Hapsburg rule similar

A

Both multinational

44
Q

How was Ottoman Empire seen?

A

“Sick man of Europe”

45
Q

Istanbul

A

Russia allied with great britains dn france

46
Q

Bosnia and Herzegovina

A

Austria

47
Q

Middle East and North Africa

A

Great Britain and France

48
Q

Serfdom

A

Master- peasant slavery at its worst

49
Q

What did reformers want?

A

Free from autocratic rule, social injustice, economic backwardness

50
Q

Autocracy

A

Government by one person with absolute power (dictator)

51
Q

Reformers were sent where?

A

Siberia

52
Q

Russia by 1815

A

Largest and most populous world power in Europe

53
Q

Why was the colossus a success?

A

Vast resources, multinational (Europe, Asia)

54
Q

Russia resisted reforms

A

Economically undeveloped

55
Q

Rigid social structure

A

Serfs and masters, landowning noble saw no need to improve or invest in factories, small middle class, largest class was peasants

56
Q

Western Europeans disliked autocratic govt…… Any different from modern?

A

Tryna overthrow Ukraine

57
Q

Peter and Catherine both had what

A

Land with czars who expanded in Asia

58
Q

What did peter and Catherine try to do?

A

Westernize Russia with enlightened idea

59
Q

Czars started seeing what?

A

Need for improvements but don’t which causes economic and social lag

60
Q

Russian ruler

A

Czar

61
Q

Alexander I

A

Eased censorship and backed down when Napoleon invaded. Kept noble support

62
Q

Nicholas I

A

Shut down Decembrist revolt using police spies

63
Q

Decembrist revolt

A

Socialists, liberals, serfs rose up

64
Q

Nicholas I motto

A

Orthodoxy: strong ties between RO and govt
Autocracy: absolute power of the state
Nationalism: respect Russian tradition, crush non Russians

65
Q

Alexander II

A

Defeated in the Crimean war because no military or RR

emancipated serfs but it backfired

66
Q

Zemstvos

A

Elected assemblies, local govt

67
Q

Peoples will

A

Assassinated czar

68
Q

Alexander lll

A

Russiafication: one language, censorship, secret police, one church, non Russians banished.

World History (9 decks)

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