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World History > 10.1 Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

10.1 Industrial Revolution Flashcards

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0
Q

Why is industrialization known as a turning point?

A

It changed the way of life for all time

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1
Q

What is the industrialization?

A
  • To help industry or business in a country or society

- An overall change to a current society brought on by a Chang in population

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2
Q

What conditions must exist in a country for it to be industrialized?

A 
Efficient central government
Rich natural resources
Increasing population
Inventive genius/ ready capital
Willing to adopt/ adapt and take chances
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3
Q

When and where did industrialization start?

A

Great Britain; 18th century

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4
Q

What was the significance of agriculture in the I.R.?

A

Improvement by the 1800’s decreased demands for farm labor, people moved to cities and created a largevlabor force

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5
Q

Why was Great Britain a good starting place for the I.R.?

A

It had the 3 factors of production

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6
Q

What were the three factors of production?

A

Land- natural resources
Labor- supply of workers
Capital- money, machinery

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7
Q

What additional things did Britain have to make it a starting point?

A

Harbors (great navy), wealthy people, an abundant supply of workers

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8
Q

When Britain started the textile industry, what was the first thing they underwent?

A

Mechanization- which was the use of machinery

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9
Q

The textile industry replace what?

A

The Domestic System (Cottage Industry), which was making yourself at home

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10
Q

The original textile system was what?

A

Raw cotton collected
Cotton spun into thread
Thread into woven cloths
Cloth sent to towns to be dyed

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11
Q

Efficient central government caused what?

A

Parliament passing laws to protect businesses and helping them expand

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12
Q

2 great natural resources were

A

Iron and steel

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13
Q

Why were iron and steel significant.

A

They were two major raw materials needed for industry and G.B. Had large amounts.

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14
Q

What was the process that helped iron and what did it do?

A

The Bessemer process, which were methods for removing impurities from iron to make it stronger, reduced production, inventive genius

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15
Q

Flying shuttle

A

John Kay

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16
Q

Spinning Jenny

A

James Hargreaves

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17
Q

Modern steam engine

A

James watt

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18
Q

What factored in for the steam engine to work?

A

Location and seasons

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19
Q

Water powered spinning machine

A

Rich Arkwright

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20
Q

Power loom

A

Edmund Cartwright

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21
Q

Cotton gin

A

Eli Whitney

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22
Q

Who built the first road and what is a turnpike?

A

Mcadam; privately built roads that charged a fee to travelers

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23
Q

Trevithick

A

1st steam engine

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24
Q

Rocket locomotive

A

Stephenson

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25
Q

Steamboat

A

Fulton; named Clermont

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26
Q

When did boats start crossing the Atlantic?

A

1838

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27
Q

When was rubber used..

A

1800s

28
Q

When did Goodyear use vulcanizing rubber?

A

1839

29
Q

When did we use gas to light streets and homes?

A

1850s

30
Q

Volta

A

First battery

31
Q

Armpire

A

Electric current

32
Q

Morse

A

Telegraph

33
Q

Field

A

Trans-Atlantic cable

34
Q

Why was development so slow in Europe?

A

No raw materials
The end of the French Revolution and people were recovering
GB had a monopoly on export of machines and skilled workers

35
Q

Industrial rev began in __________ because it’s __________ of ___________ which were __________,___________, and ___________. The __________ revolution allowed the industrial revolution. Replacement of water by __________. Better _____________ and ____________ allowed for growth of ideas and movement of people.

A

Great Britain; factors; production; land; labor; capital; agricultural; steam; communication; transportation

36
Q

What is Urbanization?

A

Mass migration or the movement of people to cities

37
Q

Why do people move?

A

Changes in farming ( the enclosure movement)
Population growth ( excess labor force)
Mass migration

38
Q

What effect did machines have on the way work was done

A

Training time was shorter and people were easier to train

Women and children could work as well as men (didn’t demand higher wages)

39
Q

How were wages determined?

A

Number of hours or goods produced
Competition for jobs
Need for certain people can increase wages
Needs of workers- men (bread winners)

40
Q

How were people’s lives changed on the job!

A 
Many rules
14 hour days 6 days a week 
Noisy  dirty, no safety 
5 year olds were sent to work in mines, mills- abusive
Women were cheaper to hire than men
41
Q

Downside to women working?

A

Away from the family for 12 hours

42
Q

How did urbanization effect their living conditions?

A

Monotonous- something repeatedly
Cramped tenants, starvation
Life expectancy was 35 years

43
Q

People in the new middle class were obvious because

A

Living conditions, dress, schooling, property, political awareness

44
Q

The middle class were people who, and inventors who?

A

People who invested in factories

Inventors who developed new technologies

45
Q

Middle class lived in

A

Nice houses, lady like and to the standard of living

46
Q

The middle class took roles in

A

Parliament

47
Q

Middle class believed that people who worked in the factories were

A

Lazy because they did not apply themselves. The needed to “get ahead” and work hard, make sacrifices. I’m better than you attitude

48
Q

How did the IR effect the working class?

A

Methodism- John Wesley ( taught about the bible, sober up.

49
Q

City conditions
Air
Noise

A

Air was always polluted
Noise from factories all the time- day and night
All around poor living conditions

50
Q

Tenements

A

Multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments

51
Q

What was living in a tenement like?

A

No running water
No sewage or sanitation system- waste and garbage rotted in streets
Diseases spread easily (rats, fleas, etc.)

52
Q

Monopoly was

A

1 person owning everything

53
Q

Adam smith wrote

A

The wealth of nations

54
Q

Adam smith encouraged free market; laissez faire which wS

A

Hands off; leaving things alone; no government influence

55
Q

Laws of supply and demand

A

Prices were fixed according to demand (if scarce pay more so profits increase and supply exceeds amount)

56
Q

Law of competition

A

To get people to buy, must decrease price or improve quality ( think car strip)

57
Q

Thomas Malthus wrote

A

The essay on principle of population; an increase to population is an obstacle to human progress so misery and poverty are inevitable (pop. Outpaces food supply)

58
Q

David Ricardo wrote and believed

A

The iron law of wages; wages are high,labor is low Nd families have more kids which means higher labor and lower wages and unemployment

People should
Improve on own without any assistance from the government

59
Q

Jeremy Bentham believed in utilitarianism which was

A

The goal of a society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number of citizens

60
Q

Socialism

A

Where people as a whole, rather than private individuals, would work and operate the map earns of production

61
Q

Socialism helped

A

Farms, factories, railways and other businesses that produce goods
This got rid of entrepreneurs or inventors who made it rich
Believed government should be for all members, not just the rich

62
Q

Utopia is

A

A perfect society

63
Q

What happened in a utopia

A

All work was shared and all property owned in common

There was no difference between rich and poor

64
Q

Robert Owen.

A

A utopian socialist who created child labor laws, a labor union, and inferred that they would be more productive if they were treated well

65
Q

Karl Marx wrote what

A

Wrote the communist manifesto

66
Q

Karl Marx argued that the entire course of history was a struggle between the haves and the have nots….

A

Haves controlled society/government/production
- bourgeoise
Have nots were the working class
-proletariat

67
Q

The truth about Marxism

A

It did not work in Europe or the US- nationalism and reforms won out

68
Q

What is puddling?

A

The process in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron.

World History (9 decks)

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