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World History > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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0
Q

Verstehen

A

To understand

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1
Q

Thirteen colonies from bottom to top, left to right

A 
New Hampshire
New York
Massachusetts 
Connecticut 
Rhode Island
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Maryland
Delaware
North Carolina
South Carolina 
Georgia
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2
Q

Ethnocentric

A

Judging by our own standards can lead to negative evolutions and to “our way is right”

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3
Q

Categories of ethnocentricity

A

Food
Religion
Leadership

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4
Q

Omen

A

Anything perceived or happening that is believed to portend a good or evil event or circumstance in the future

Can be in a form of natural events such as storms, earthquakes, and tsunamis and are usually predicted to cause a subsequent event.

No origin of omens.

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5
Q

Portend

A

To fortell/forecast (term from the 1400-1500)

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6
Q

Superstitions

A

Irrational fears of what is unknown or mysterious. Customs or acts based on a belief, not based on reason or knowledge. (1300-1400 term)

Refers to the belief that a ritual or activity can have a positive or negative impact on events to come.

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7
Q

Notes on superstitions

A

Mental instincts sway our reason no matter how far we advance in science or technology

They are mans way of explaining the nature of good and evil

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8
Q

What effects do superstitions and omens have on us?

A

The value in superstition and rituals is the boost of confidence and the sense of control they provide. If you believe doing a specific action will make you perform better, then you most likely will

  • athletics
  • speeches
  • arts
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9
Q

Values

A

Standards by which we define good, bad, or ugly

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10
Q

Norms

A

Expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values to enforce values

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11
Q

7 Great Enlightenment philosophers

A

Montesquieu, Rousseau, Diderot, Voltaire, Adam smith, Locke, Hobbes

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12
Q

What did the enlightenment follow?

A

Middle Ages of kingdoms
Feudalism divided in Europe
Monarchs and absolute rulers

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13
Q

Renaissance

A

“Rebirth” in classical learning (Greek)

Began to question certain things

  • government
  • church
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14
Q

Galileo’s belief

A

Built on the heliocentric idea

  • first European to use a telescope
  • found heavenly bodies were orbs of life made of material substance
  • the church forced the abandonment of his ideas
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15
Q

What were some inventions during the enlightenment?

A
  • printing press
  • compass
  • gun powder
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16
Q

Inventions like the printing press (______________) allowed the rapid exchange of ideas and knowledge that led to what?

A

-Johannesburg Gutenberg

  • scientific revolution(1500-1600)
  • age of exploration (travels of Marco Polo)
  • Protestant reformation (Wittenberg)
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17
Q

What did the compass do?

A

Allowed European navigators to take long voyages leading to new trade routes. Including the colonization of the Americas and the Atlantic slave trade

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18
Q

Gun powder

A

Affected warfare in Europe and helped small groups like the conquistadors to defeat the Aztecs and the incas

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19
Q

Peter the great of Russia and Louis XIV of France

A

Believed right over religion (divine with God) moved in the direction of absolutism

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20
Q

When new ideas spread quickly, what do governments an pd church leaders do to support the old order?

A

Censorship

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21
Q

Enlightened despot

A

Absolute rulers who made political/social change

- held all power

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22
Q

Despot

Synonyms

A

Ruler who holds absolute power. Exercises cruel or oppressive.

Tyrant dictator

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23
Q

3 greatest despots

A

Fredrick ll the great of Prussia

Catherine II the great of Russia

Joseph II of Austria-hapsburgs

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24
Q

Joseph II

A

Most radical enlightened despot.

Religious toleration

Serfdom end

Peasant emperor (walked around as a peasant to see what was wrong with his rule)

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25
Q

Where did Labor Day originally begin?

A

Festival in Toronto Canada

26
Q

Who began American Labor Day?

A

Peter McGuire

27
Q

What was the first state to make spit a holiday?

A

Oregon

Bill passed on feb 21, 1887

28
Q

President that passed Labor Day?

A

President Cleveland

1894

29
Q

What happened until Cleveland agreed to pass it

A

Riots

30
Q

What is Labor Day in Canada called?

A

May Day

31
Q

What was britains geographical location?

A

Controlled trade during the renaissance, started to build a global power with small settlements

Spanish Armada

32
Q

War success of Britain

A

Usually the winning side

Powerful navy to protect the empire and trade

  • pirates
  • east India trading company
33
Q

Who did Great Britain have a union with and not?

A

Had a union with Scotland

None with Ireland

34
Q

Why didn’t Great Britain have a union with Ireland?

A

They tried to suppress Catholics, took away weapons, couldn’t marry Catholics, Protestants were taking their land

35
Q

The ten amendments are what?

A

The bill of rights

36
Q

What were two different forms of aren’t during the enlightenment?

A

Rococo
Baroque
Neoclassical

37
Q

Who were great enlightenment musicians?

A

Haydn
Mozart
Bach
Mozart

38
Q

Ptolemaic Aristotle vs. capernicus Kepler

A

Geocentric vs. heliocentric

39
Q

What did geocentric believe?

A

That earth was at the center of the universe and there are heavenly bodies that rotate around earth

40
Q

Heliocentric

A

The sun is at the center and the orbits of the planets are eliptical

41
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Newtons law of gravitation

Explains why planets continue their eliptical rotation around the earth

42
Q

Medical breakthroughs

A

Liquid under pressure and Gedavors

43
Q

Two great women at the time

A

Margaret cavendish and Maria winklemann

44
Q

Cavendish

A

Believed humans through science were the true source of nature

Had to publish books under a fake name

45
Q

Winklemann

A

Discovered a comet and was turned down a teaching position

46
Q

Descartes words

A

“I think, therefore I am”

47
Q

The scientific method

A

Systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence

48
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Clearing your brain of all opinions that may distort the truth

49
Q

Wars taking place in North America

A

7 years war and the french Indian

50
Q

Colonists response

A

No taxation without representation

51
Q

What did the boston massacre begin with?

A

A snowball

52
Q

Who was the author of the deceleration?

A

Thomas Jefferson

53
Q

When did the colonists adopt the deceleration

A

July 4 1776

54
Q

What principle states all government comes from people

A

Popular sovereignty

55
Q

Where did the war begin?

A

Lexington and concord

56
Q

What was the turning point for the patriots

A

The battle of Saratoga

57
Q

Britishnsurrender

A

Yorktown Virginia

58
Q

Locke

A

Life liberty property/pursuit of happiness

59
Q

Montesquieu

A

Seperation of powers

60
Q

Rousseau

A

Social contract

61
Q

Philosophe vs. physiocrat

A

They used reason and rational criticism like religion and politics vs. belief agriculture is the center of everything

62
Q

Voltaire

A

Newtonian world machine

63
Q

Laissez fair

A

The concept that the state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone

World History (9 decks)

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