Chapter 8 Flashcards
Verstehen
To understand
Thirteen colonies from bottom to top, left to right
New Hampshire New York Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland Delaware North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
Ethnocentric
Judging by our own standards can lead to negative evolutions and to “our way is right”
Categories of ethnocentricity
Food
Religion
Leadership
Omen
Anything perceived or happening that is believed to portend a good or evil event or circumstance in the future
Can be in a form of natural events such as storms, earthquakes, and tsunamis and are usually predicted to cause a subsequent event.
No origin of omens.
Portend
To fortell/forecast (term from the 1400-1500)
Superstitions
Irrational fears of what is unknown or mysterious. Customs or acts based on a belief, not based on reason or knowledge. (1300-1400 term)
Refers to the belief that a ritual or activity can have a positive or negative impact on events to come.
Notes on superstitions
Mental instincts sway our reason no matter how far we advance in science or technology
They are mans way of explaining the nature of good and evil
What effects do superstitions and omens have on us?
The value in superstition and rituals is the boost of confidence and the sense of control they provide. If you believe doing a specific action will make you perform better, then you most likely will
- athletics
- speeches
- arts
Values
Standards by which we define good, bad, or ugly
Norms
Expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values to enforce values
7 Great Enlightenment philosophers
Montesquieu, Rousseau, Diderot, Voltaire, Adam smith, Locke, Hobbes
What did the enlightenment follow?
Middle Ages of kingdoms
Feudalism divided in Europe
Monarchs and absolute rulers
Renaissance
“Rebirth” in classical learning (Greek)
Began to question certain things
- government
- church
Galileo’s belief
Built on the heliocentric idea
- first European to use a telescope
- found heavenly bodies were orbs of life made of material substance
- the church forced the abandonment of his ideas
What were some inventions during the enlightenment?
- printing press
- compass
- gun powder
Inventions like the printing press (______________) allowed the rapid exchange of ideas and knowledge that led to what?
-Johannesburg Gutenberg
- scientific revolution(1500-1600)
- age of exploration (travels of Marco Polo)
- Protestant reformation (Wittenberg)
What did the compass do?
Allowed European navigators to take long voyages leading to new trade routes. Including the colonization of the Americas and the Atlantic slave trade
Gun powder
Affected warfare in Europe and helped small groups like the conquistadors to defeat the Aztecs and the incas
Peter the great of Russia and Louis XIV of France
Believed right over religion (divine with God) moved in the direction of absolutism
When new ideas spread quickly, what do governments an pd church leaders do to support the old order?
Censorship
Enlightened despot
Absolute rulers who made political/social change
- held all power
Despot
Synonyms
Ruler who holds absolute power. Exercises cruel or oppressive.
Tyrant dictator
3 greatest despots
Fredrick ll the great of Prussia
Catherine II the great of Russia
Joseph II of Austria-hapsburgs
Joseph II
Most radical enlightened despot.
Religious toleration
Serfdom end
Peasant emperor (walked around as a peasant to see what was wrong with his rule)
Where did Labor Day originally begin?
Festival in Toronto Canada
Who began American Labor Day?
Peter McGuire
What was the first state to make spit a holiday?
Oregon
Bill passed on feb 21, 1887
President that passed Labor Day?
President Cleveland
1894
What happened until Cleveland agreed to pass it
Riots
What is Labor Day in Canada called?
May Day
What was britains geographical location?
Controlled trade during the renaissance, started to build a global power with small settlements
Spanish Armada
War success of Britain
Usually the winning side
Powerful navy to protect the empire and trade
- pirates
- east India trading company
Who did Great Britain have a union with and not?
Had a union with Scotland
None with Ireland
Why didn’t Great Britain have a union with Ireland?
They tried to suppress Catholics, took away weapons, couldn’t marry Catholics, Protestants were taking their land
The ten amendments are what?
The bill of rights
What were two different forms of aren’t during the enlightenment?
Rococo
Baroque
Neoclassical
Who were great enlightenment musicians?
Haydn
Mozart
Bach
Mozart
Ptolemaic Aristotle vs. capernicus Kepler
Geocentric vs. heliocentric
What did geocentric believe?
That earth was at the center of the universe and there are heavenly bodies that rotate around earth
Heliocentric
The sun is at the center and the orbits of the planets are eliptical
Isaac Newton
Newtons law of gravitation
Explains why planets continue their eliptical rotation around the earth
Medical breakthroughs
Liquid under pressure and Gedavors
Two great women at the time
Margaret cavendish and Maria winklemann
Cavendish
Believed humans through science were the true source of nature
Had to publish books under a fake name
Winklemann
Discovered a comet and was turned down a teaching position
Descartes words
“I think, therefore I am”
The scientific method
Systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence
Inductive reasoning
Clearing your brain of all opinions that may distort the truth
Wars taking place in North America
7 years war and the french Indian
Colonists response
No taxation without representation
What did the boston massacre begin with?
A snowball
Who was the author of the deceleration?
Thomas Jefferson
When did the colonists adopt the deceleration
July 4 1776
What principle states all government comes from people
Popular sovereignty
Where did the war begin?
Lexington and concord
What was the turning point for the patriots
The battle of Saratoga
Britishnsurrender
Yorktown Virginia
Locke
Life liberty property/pursuit of happiness
Montesquieu
Seperation of powers
Rousseau
Social contract
Philosophe vs. physiocrat
They used reason and rational criticism like religion and politics vs. belief agriculture is the center of everything
Voltaire
Newtonian world machine
Laissez fair
The concept that the state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone
