14.1,2,4 Flashcards
Trench warfare
Trenches dug to dodge in and out of during battle
-lice, disease, water, mud
Key battles
Marne Verdun Somme St. Mihiel Hindenburg line
Monotonous trench life
Routine wake up “fire step” and be relieved at points
Shell shock
“Battle fatigue”
The constant fear and aftermath of shelling
Christmas truce
1914
The western front
No mans land
Area between trenches
No trees because blown up
Go over the top to capture another trench
Chemical warfare
Poison gases
Mustard and chlorine
Warfare
Machine guns (maxim) Artillery guns (howitzer)
Airplanes
Used for intelligence then mounted with guns
Began to name the pilots after their victories calling them (flying aces)
Bomber planes- not much destruction
Submarines
Submarine warfare and the sinking of the Lusitania cause United States involvement
Scorched earth
Shoulders leaving nothing of value in communities after they retreated so the enemy wouldn’t achieve anything
Tanks
British
Cambrae had the first success
Slow
Disguised as water tanks
Female Spies
Edith cavell: helped Allied solders escape
Mata Hari: mistress of french officers and passed info to Germans
Telephone and radio
Unsuccessful because phones were cut off and radios broke down easily
Eastern front
Russia was unprepared for War because they never industrialized
Zimmerman telegram
Outlined German and Mexican alliance but was intercepted but Britain
U.S. Entered the war
April 6, 1917
Conscription
Military draft
Liberty bonds
Caused sense of patriotism and raised money for war efforts
When did war end/how
November 11,1918
Armistice(agreement to end fighting)
The big four
David Lloyd George- British prime minister: harsh punishment
Georges Clemenceau- French leader: weaken Germany
Woodrow Wilson-us president: League of Nations
Vittorio Orlando- Italy
League of Nations
System in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve peace
Treaty of versailles
Harsh punishment
Germany must pay
Take full blame
After the treaty was signed
Between Germany and Russia: Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia
Three republics from austro Hungary- Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia
