Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Define Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution changes beginning in the 1700s when power-driven machines began to do much of the work that people had done before
Identify Agricultural Revolution
was the unprecedented increase in agricultural production in England due to increases in labour and land productivity that took place between 1750 and 1880, although it had its beginnings in the 17th century.
Identify Jethro Tull
Invented Seed Drill
What is crop rotation ?
The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.
What is seed drill and why was it important ?
seed drill Invention that allows farmers to plant seeds in well-spaced rows of specific depths. Resulted in decrease in wasted seed, increase in crop production, increase in profit
What are enclosures ?
The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.
Why did Industrial revolution begin in England ?
Large population of workers
water power and coal
iron ore to construct machines, tools and building
rivers for inland transportation
harbors from which merchant ships set sail
political stability
availability of loans
What are the factors of production ?
land, labor, and capital (or wealth)
What industry was first transformed by the Industrial Revolutipon ?
Textile industry. Because of several inventions
flying shuttle
spinning jenny
water frame (water power to drive spinning wheels)
spinning mule
power loom
Where were the first factories built ?
Near rivers or streams to use water power
What drove the development of steam engine ?
The textile industry’s need for cheap, convenient power source.
Who first developed a steam engine that was faster and more efficient ?
James Watt
What entrepreneur did Watt team up with to commercialize his steam engine ?
Matthew Boulton.
Which American adapted Watt’s steam engine for use in boats ?
Robert Fulton. He built the steamboat called the Clermont in 1807
What form of water transportation was critical in the industrial revolution in England ?
Canals. The 4,250 miles of canals helped cut the cost of transporting raw materials and finished goods
What did John Mc Adam invent ?
He developed a way to pave roads so that they could be used in all kinds of weather. They became known as “macadam” roads
What steam driven vehicle drove English industry aftrer 1820
Steam driven locomotives and railroads.
How did railroads revolutionize life in Britain ?
1) Spurred industrial growth by providing cheap transportation
2) Created thousands of new jobs for railroad workers and coal miners
3) Boosted agricultural and fishing industries
4) encouraged people to take distant jobs
What agricultural movement precipitated the migration of many rural families into the cities ?
Agricultural revolution-farming more efficient, less labor needed,
Describe the average work day for a child laborer during the industrial revolution ?
12-14 hours, few breaks
What law provided working rights for children ?
The Factory Act
How would a factory owner justify not paying an orphan’s wages for all of their hours of work ?
They fed and housed them
What were punishments for children who were late or did not meet their quotas ?
Being “weighted”–forced to wear weights and walk up and down the factory
Why would parents be willing to subject their kids to these conditions ?
Needed money
