Age of Imperialism

Question 1

What was the most powerful country in the world in the mid 1800’s ?

Answer 1

Britain

Question 2

Why was Britain the most powerful country in the world in the mid 1800s ?

Answer 2

1) Factories produced more goods than anywhere else
2) Navy guarded the oceanic trade routes to make use of its colonies markets
3) British banks loaned investment capital world wide

Question 3

What 2 countries were emerging world powers in the late 1800s ?

Answer 3

Germany and US

Question 4

What motives drove the overall race for colonies ?

Answer 4

Racism (ehtoncentism)
Religion
Raw materials

Question 5

Who was the Scottish missionary who went to Africa to preach and was thought to be missing or dead ?

Answer 5

David Livingstone

Question 6

What was the Berlin conference ?

Answer 6

European leaders met to decide who got which part of Africa

Question 7

Imperial Trade established a global economic system and spread European cultural values

T or F

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What 2 concepts made up the World System ?

Answer 8

Core vs Periphery nations

Question 9

What were the core nations ?

Answer 9

US and northwestern europe

Question 10

What were the periphery nations ?

Answer 10

Everything other than the core, except Japan

Question 11

Who developed concept of Social Darwinism ?

Answer 11

Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism is a modern name given to various theories of society that emerged in the United Kingdom, North America, and Western Europe in the 1870s, and which are claimed to have applied biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics.[1][2]

Social Darwinists generally argue that the strong should see their wealth and power increase while the weak should see their wealth and power decrease.

Question 12

Who developed idea of White Man’s Burden ?

Answer 12

Rudyard Kipling

Although Kipling’s poem mixed exhortation to empire with somber warnings of the costs involved, imperialists within the United States of America understood the phrase “white man’s burden” as justifying imperialism as a noble enterprise.[3][4][5][6][7]

Because of its theme and title, it has become emblematic both of Eurocentric racism and of Western aspirations to dominate the developing world.[8][9][10] A century after its publication, the poem still rouses strong emotions, and can be analyzed from a variety of perspectives.

Question 13

What government in India opened up trade to the British East India Company ?

Answer 13

Mughal

Question 14

Where did the British East India Company open trading posts ?

Answer 14

Madras (1639), Bombay (1661) Calcutta (1690

Question 15

What are two reasons Mughal government began to decline ?

Answer 15

Expans ion Policy

Revolts because of Jizya (tax on non-muslims)

Question 16

British defeated France in 7 years war and established their dominance in India

T or F

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What was the battle of plassey ?

Answer 17

The Battle of Plassey (Bengali : পলাশীর যুদ্ধ, Pôlashir Juddho) was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French[2] allies on 23 June 1757. The battle established the Company rule in Bengal which expanded over much of India for the next hundred years.

Question 18

While the _____________ company was in direct control over India, the British Parliament established a ___________ to oversee the

Answer 18

British East India Company

Board of Control

Question 19

What were 3 financial reforms initiated by the British East India Company ?

Answer 19

Increase tax collection
Increase tax base
manipulate trade tariffs

Question 20

How does the construction of the Indian Railway depict India as a perfect model for a colony ?

Answer 20

35,000 miles of rails by 1914

all components of the rail system paid with Indian taxes

Question 21

What were some of the benefits the Indian rail system provided ?

Answer 21

Deployment of Colonial Troops

1. Development of Agriculture:

Spread of Railways in India has contributed a great deal to the development of agriculture. Before the development of Railways, agriculture was largely subsistence-oriented. Railways have commercialized it. Our farmers do not produce for self consumption only but also for sale in the market.

2. New Sources and New Areas of Production:

Railways have installed new sources and new areas of production. They have not only provided knowledge of the new areas, but also helped in reaching the inaccessible areas.

3. Growth of Markets and Specialization:

Railways have extended the size of market and thus stimulated the process of specialization. Bulky goods can easily be transported by Railways.

4. Help in the Internal Trade:

By joining together different areas of the country, railways have made internal trade convenient. They carry goods and passengers to distant places easily.

5. Mobility of Labour and Capital:

Railways have increased the mobility of labour and capital which in its turn has contributed to the rapid industrialization of the country.

6. Check on the Fluctuations of Prices:

Railways have checked those fluctuations in prices that were detrimental to the economic, political and social stability of the country. Price fluctuations cause misery, disturb trade and give rise to many problems.

7. Elimination of Famines:

Railways have helped in diluting the intensity of famines by carrying the food-grains from surplus to famine-stricken areas.

8. Employment:

Railways are an important source of employment in India. Lakhs of skilled and unskilled people are employed in operating the railways. In addition, this means of transport creates so many opportunities of employment. Railways provide employment to 17 lakh people in the country.

9. Encouragement to Tourism:

Tourist traffic has also been encouraged. Railways sell circular tickets to the tourists and thereby promote tourism.

10. Strategic Importance:

Strategic importance of the railways cannot be ignored. They are instrumental in providing internal security and in making goods and efficient arrangements of defence of the country against any external threat.

11. Social Importance:

Railways have made possible a basic change in the social attitude of the people. They are no longer tied to old customs and traditions, or to fatalism and orthodoxy.

Question 22

W ?hat was the Sepoy Revolt of 1857

Answer 22

A rebellion of Sepoys (native troops)
Lead to Britain taking direct rule and control of India’s administration and legal system
India did not gain independence until 1947

Question 23

British built up their port at ____________ to be one of the most geopolitically important ports in the world

Answer 23

Singapore

Question 24

What is Strait of Malacca ?

Answer 24

The Strait of Malacca is a narrow, 805 km (500 mi) stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

Connects Indian Ocean with Pacific Ocean

One of the most important shipping lanes in the world.

Question 25

The Manchu were responsible for invading China and initiating the __________ dynasty from 1644-1911.

Answer 25

Qing

Question 26

In _______ the Emperor Qianlong denied King George III an attempt at opening China to trade.

Answer 26

1793

“There is nothing we lack….nor do we need any more of your country’s manufactures

Question 27

What else was going on in China at this time ?

Answer 27

Rising population

100 million in 1650
300 million in 1800
420 million in 1850

Question 28

China’s economy had previously thrived by selling what goods to Europe

Answer 28

Tea
Silk
Porcelain

Question 29

What had Britian been selling to China

Answer 29

Opium

Question 30

By 1820 what was China paying for opium with

Answer 30

Silver previously taken from Europeans

Question 31

What resulted from China’s ban on import of opium in 1831 ?

Answer 31

Opium wars of 1839-1842

2nd Opium War of 1856-60

Question 32

How did China’s self-isolation hurt them in Opium Wars

Answer 32

No access to modern technology and weapons

Treaties gave ports to Britain and other foreign nations

Question 33

What concessions were made by Chinese from the Opium Wars

Answer 33

1st Opium War-China cedes Hong Kong to British and opems up 5 treaty ports for foreigners to live and conduct business

2nd Opium War-Europeans gain control over China’s foreign trade and tariffs

Question 34

What was end result of 2nd Opium War

Answer 34

17,000 French and British troops storm Summer Palace

Opium trade expanded

Question 35

What was China’s largest internal revolt under Manchu rule ?

Answer 35

Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)
The Taiping Rebellion During the late 1830s, Hong
Xiuquan (hung shee•oo•choo•ahn), a young man
from Guangdong province in southern China, began
recruiting followers to help him build a “Heavenly
Kingdom of Great Peace.” In this kingdom, all
Chinese people would share China’s vast wealth and
no one would live in poverty. Hong’s movement was
called the Taiping Rebellion, from the Chinese
word taiping, meaning “great peace.”
By the 1850s, Hong had organized a massive
peasant army of some one million people. Over
time, the Taiping army took control of large areas of
southeastern China. Then, in 1853, Hong captured
the city of Nanjing and declared it his capital. Hong
soon withdrew from everyday life and left family
members and his trusted lieutenants in charge of the
government of his kingdom.
The leaders of the Taiping government, however,
constantly feuded among themselves. Also, Qing
imperial troops and British and French forces all
launched attacks against the Taiping. By 1864, this
combination of internal fighting and outside assaults
had brought down the Taiping government. But China paid a terrible price. At least
20 million—and possibly twice that many—people died in the rebellion

Question 36

What is Ever Victorious Army

Answer 36

The Ever Victorious Army fought for the Qing Dynasty against the rebels of the Nian and Taiping Rebellions.

The Ever Victorious Army consisted of Chinese soldiers trained and led by an American and European officer corps. Though the Army was only active for a few years, from 1860 to 1864, it was instrumental in putting down the Taiping Rebellion. It was the first Chinese army which was trained in European techniques, tactics, and strategy. As such, it became a model for later Chinese armies.

Question 37

The culmination of China’s isolation was most evident with their military defeat at hands of ___________ in 1894-95

Answer 37

Japan

Question 38

What happened as a result of China’s defeat by Japan in 1895 ?

Answer 38

China ceded Taiwan and Korea to Japan

Japan granted right to operate in treaty ports

Question 39

What rebellion took place in China from 1898-1900 ?

Answer 39

Revolt against foreign influence and rule in China
Boxers burnt Christian Missions and Kill missionaries
believed that martial arts made them invulnerable
mostly poor peasants
“Society of Harmonious Fists”

Question 40

Identify Commodore Matthew Perry

Answer 40

The United States and the Opening to Japan, 1853

On July 8, 1853, American Commodore Matthew Perry led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world.

Question 41

Eastern Ethics Western Science

Answer 41

“Eastern ethics and Western science” became the slogan of scholars such as Sakuma Shozan, who was to have great influence on Yoshida Shoin, and who saw clearly that purity of spirit alone would not defeat Western cannon. There was a growing perception that unless some careful modernization was undertaken, the tranquil life of the isolated island empire would be endangered. In Yoshida’s birth year, however, few suspected that only 40 years later an epoch would be finished -that they were the last samurai.

Question 42

Identify Meiji Restoration

Answer 42

The Meiji Restoration (明治維新 Meiji Ishin?), also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.

Although there were Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the restoration established the practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan, which previously was held by the Tokugawa shogunate. The goals of the restored government were expressed by the new emperor in the Charter Oath. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan’s political and social structure, and spanned both the late Edo period (often called Late Tokugawa shogunate) and the beginning of the Meiji period. The period spanned from 1868 to 1912 and was responsible for the emergence of Japan as a modernized nation in the early twentieth century.