Industrial Britain Flashcards
Urbanisation
People moving from rural areas to larger cities or towns looking for regular work
How did urbanisation develop sport
-Change in working conditions
-Less space (lots of buildings)
-Large working class population that required entertainment
-Loss of traditional sports (mob football banned in new civilised society)
How did railways develop sport
-Movement of teams to away fixtures
-Access to different parts of the country
-Cheaper train travel allowed the working class to travel the country
-Improved access to countryside
Muscular Christianity
Using sport to increase attendance at services by providing facilities and creating teams.
Examples of church teams
Everton, Man City, Southampton, Aston Villa.
Emergence of middle class effect
Codification (strict rules from university old boys)
Competition in leagues and competitions
Increased leisure time
move to professionalism
public provisions.
Why were NGB’s developed
Increased popularity of sport, regulations needed, sport commercialisation, national and international fixtures.
Amateur code
playing sport for the love of it.
Professional code
Playing sport for financial gain.
Amateur values
Striving for physical endeavour, higher moral integrity.
Gentleman amateur
Respected member of society with high sport status. Sport used to build character.
Working class professionals
Came from poor backgrounds and were controlled by money, Gamesmanship used to gain advantage.
Positives for amateurs
Earning money as an avenue for social mobility.
Determination to succeed.
Paid based on result so they started training.
English public school roles
Pushed positive games ethics and sent moral values to people around the globe. Helped bind various members of the empire together.
Rational recreation
Lower class recreations designed by the middle class to be civilised and codified.
What is the industrial revolution
Period of major mechanization and innovation exploiting coal and iron.
Amateur values
Manliness, appreciating health and fitness benefits, high moral integrity.
Positive impacts of amateurism
Code of amateurism established, higher participation in sport, amateurs became the ‘elite performers’.
Working class professionals
Came from poor backgrounds, stadiums were built for increasing spectators, corrupt individuals due to background, early professionals. Corrupt professionals from the working class.
Examples of gamesmanship
Wasting time, faking injury, how quick the ball boys give the ball back, fouling to disrupt flow, fouling as the last man
Gentleman amateur
Upper / middle class, wealthy, lots of free time, no desire to improve performance, played not for the financial gain
Working class professionals characteristics
Lower class, poor, little free time, committed to training, winning was very important (bribes and cheating).
Positive of 19th century professionals
Training resulted from importance of result (determination to succeed), allowed avenue for social mobility, developed professionalism
20th century amateurs
High sport status, nigh moral (sufficient income)
Modern day amateurs
Some received finance, lower status professionals, blurring of line between amateurs and professionals, top level performance is open to all (opportunities).
Positives of modern day amateurism
Codes of amateurism still evident, actions such as shaking hands, addressing referee.
Why didn’t professionals compete
To maintain authority, preserve the amateur ideal, maintain their exclusivity
20th century sport development
Sport showcased on the radio and cinema
BBC began coverage in 1927
Football became England’s main sport
1900 - max wage of £4 a week
Massive increase in commercialisation
HITFOR meaning
Poor health, lack of income, lack of time, lacking facilities, overcrowding, loss of rights
Negatives of rational recreation in first half of 19th century
Lack of leisure time, income, rights and public provisions. Migration of lower classes into cities meant less space
Second half of 19th century improvements
Health and hygiene both improved, gradual increase in wages and more time for sport on the weekends, development of the middle class.
Industrial patronage
Kind factory owners led to provisions for recreation and sport. Factory teams set up and excursions to seaside were organised
Values of athleticism
Physical endeavour with moral integrity spread to the lower classes.
